tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10173951306298421492024-03-14T16:16:57.234-04:00Torts TodayTORTS TODAY - course materials
& news for Torts, Business Torts, Product Liability, and Remedies students of George Conk at Fordham Law School
gconk@law.fordham.eduGeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.comBlogger1906125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-55633757667844747102023-02-28T21:01:00.004-05:002023-09-09T10:07:43.508-04:00In a pair of challenges to student-debt relief, big questions about agency authority and the right to sue - SCOTUSblog<a href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/02/in-a-pair-of-challenges-to-student-debt-relief-big-questions-about-agency-authority-and-the-right-to-sue/"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">In a pair of challenges to student-debt relief, big questions about agency authority and the right to sue - SCOTUSblog</span></a><div><h1 class="entry_title" itemprop="name" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0c0a0a; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 38px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">In a pair of challenges to student-debt relief, big questions about agency authority and the right to sue</h1><div class="post_info" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: 12px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 756.906px;"><img class="headshot-extra-small" src="http://sblog.s3.amazonaws.com/headshots/amy-howe.jpg" style="border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; float: left; height: 50px; line-height: 27px; margin-right: 5px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: text-top; width: 50px;" /><span class="post_author" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 3px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">By <a class="post_author_link" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/author/amy-howe/" itemprop="author" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #818995; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 900; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Howe</a></span><br /><span class="date entry_date updated" itemprop="dateCreated" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">on Feb 13, 2023</span> <span class="time" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">at 6:50 pm</span></div><span face="Muli, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0c0c0c; font-size: 16px;"></span><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 15px auto 21px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_20 addtoany_list" data-a2a-title="In a pair of challenges to student-debt relief, big questions about agency authority and the right to sue" data-a2a-url="https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/02/in-a-pair-of-challenges-to-student-debt-relief-big-questions-about-agency-authority-and-the-right-to-sue/" style="background: 0px 0px; 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border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); display: inline-block; float: none; height: 1px; margin: 0px; opacity: 1; outline: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; vertical-align: baseline; width: 1px;">PrintFriendly</span></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_no_icon addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotusblog.com%2F2023%2F02%2Fin-a-pair-of-challenges-to-student-debt-relief-big-questions-about-agency-authority-and-the-right-to-sue%2F&title=In%20a%20pair%20of%20challenges%20to%20student-debt%20relief%2C%20big%20questions%20about%20agency%20authority%20and%20the%20right%20to%20sue" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; box-shadow: none; color: #818995; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-weight: 900; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px 4px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: middle;">Share</a></div><span style="background-color: initial; color: black; font-size: 13px;">ducation Secretary Miguel Cardona in August 2022, before delivering remarks on the student-loan forgiveness plan. (Adam Schultz via The White House)</span></div><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; margin: 15px 0px 22px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">While campaigning for president in 2020, then-candidate Joe Biden <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/2020_presidential_candidates_on_student_loan_debt" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #818995; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 900; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">pledged</a> to cancel at least $10,000 in federal student-loan debt for each borrower. More than two years later, Biden <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/24/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-student-loan-relief-for-borrowers-who-need-it-most/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #818995; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 900; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">announced</a> a debt-relief program that would forgive up to $20,000 in loans for borrowers who qualify. On Feb. 28, the Supreme Court will hear oral arguments in a pair of challenges to the program.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; margin: 15px 0px 22px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">With a price tag for the program estimated at $400 billion, the justices’ ruling will obviously have a significant practical and economic effect. But the court’s decision could also have a legal impact well beyond this case, as the justices weigh issues such as when states can go to court to contest federal policies and how courts should interpret laws giving power to federal agencies.<span id="more-311440" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><h3 style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Loan relief, the HEROES Act, and the path to the Supreme Court</strong></h3><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; margin: 15px 0px 22px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">When the justices hear arguments later this month, student-loan repayments will have been on hold for nearly three years. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, then-Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos suspended both repayments and the accrual of interest on federal student loans. She relied on the <a href="https://casetext.com/statute/united-states-code/title-20-education/chapter-28-higher-education-resources-and-student-assistance/subchapter-iv-student-assistance/part-g-1-higher-education-relief-opportunities-for-students/section-1098bb-waiver-authority-for-response-to-military-contingencies-and-national-emergencies" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #818995; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 900; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;">HEROES Act</a>, a law passed after the Sept. 11 attacks that gives the secretary of education the power to respond to a “national emergency” by “waiv[ing] or modify[ing] any statutory or regulatory provision” governing the student-loan programs so that borrowers are not “placed in a worse position financially” because of the national emergency.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; margin: 15px 0px 22px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Both the Trump administration and the Biden administration later extended the original repayment pause. In August 2022, the Biden administration announced both that it would end the pause and that it would cancel up to $10,000 in federal loans for borrowers who meet income limits; borrowers who also received Pell Grants, which are available for undergraduate students from low-income families, can have up to $20,000 in federal loans canceled. Again relying on the HEROES Act, Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona explained that the program was a response to the economic effects of the pandemic and would provide relief to borrowers who are more likely to default on their loan repayments because of the pandemic.</p><p style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: Muli, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; margin: 15px 0px 22px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Two different challenges to the debt-relief program are now before the Supreme Court. The first case, <a href="https://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/biden-v-nebraska-2/" style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; color: #818995; cursor: pointer; font-weight: 900; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="background: 0px 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Biden v. Nebraska</em></a>, was filed by six states with Republican attorneys general. They argued that the HEROES Act does not give the secretary of education the power to implement the debt-relief program</p></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-75755893255066098102022-06-07T07:26:00.002-04:002022-06-07T07:26:36.806-04:00Coalition of Leaders of Jesuit Institutions Calls For End to Expulsions of Asylum Seekers Under Title 42 | Georgetown Law<a href="https://www.law.georgetown.edu/news/coalition-of-leaders-of-jesuit-institutions-calls-for-end-to-expulsions-of-asylum-seekers-under-title-42/">Coalition of Leaders of Jesuit Institutions Calls For End to Expulsions of Asylum Seekers Under Title 42 | Georgetown Law</a><div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">WASHINGTON</span> – A group of leaders at 14 Jesuit law and immigrant advocacy institutions sent a joint <a href="https://www.law.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Title-42-Statement.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); box-sizing: border-box; color: #3268c2; font-family: "Univers LT W01_65 Bold1475968", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 0.25s ease 0s, border-color 0.25s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s, color 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s;">letter </a>Wednesday to President Joseph R. Biden and key members of his administration, issuing an urgent call to end the use of the Title 42 Public Health Order, an immigrant expulsion policy put into effect by the Trump administration at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">The letter, signed by a number of Jesuit law school deans, <a href="https://jrsusa.org/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); box-sizing: border-box; color: #3268c2; font-family: "Univers LT W01_65 Bold1475968", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 0.25s ease 0s, border-color 0.25s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s, color 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s;">Jesuit Refugee Service/USA</a> and the Border Justice Initiative at <a href="https://www.gonzaga.edu/school-of-law" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); box-sizing: border-box; color: #3268c2; font-family: "Univers LT W01_65 Bold1475968", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 0.25s ease 0s, border-color 0.25s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s, color 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s;">Gonzaga Law School</a>, states that the “policy is unlawful, dangerous, and inflicts profound suffering on extremely vulnerable people” and that there is “no present public health justification for its continuation.”</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">In the two years since the legal provision’s enactment, Title 42 has been used to expel more than 1 million people seeking humanitarian protection at the U.S.-Mexico border. Now that most public health mandates related to COVID-19 have been lifted in the United States, the signatories hold that Title 42 should end as well.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">“Grounded by our Jesuit mission, I feel a deep responsibility to stand up for the dignity and inherent rights of any displaced person. All asylum-seekers deserve a compassionate response. I hope that our collective voices against this misguided policy will inspire our leaders to enact change in support of lifting the Order for all those seeking protection at our border,” said Georgetown Law Dean <a href="https://www.law.georgetown.edu/faculty/william-m-treanor/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); box-sizing: border-box; color: #3268c2; font-family: "Univers LT W01_65 Bold1475968", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 0.25s ease 0s, border-color 0.25s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s, color 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s;">William M. Treanor</a>.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">“Jesuit law schools have long defended the due process rights of asylum seekers, especially at the U.S. / Mexico border. Our programs and centers promote rule of law principles and provide access to justice for those seeking humanitarian protections, many of whom are Black and brown people fleeing persecution from around the world. I am proud to lend my name to this statement and encourage our government leaders to revoke the Title 42 Order and ensure the principles being championed by the Biden administration at this historic moment are reflected abroad and at home,” said Fordham Law School Dean <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/info/23818/matthew_diller" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); box-sizing: border-box; color: #3268c2; font-family: "Univers LT W01_65 Bold1475968", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 0.25s ease 0s, border-color 0.25s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s, color 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s;">Matthew Diller</a>.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Treanor and Diller join 10 other law school deans as signatories expressing their urgent concern about the Biden administration’s continued use of the Title 42 Public Health Order to expel migrants and asylum seekers.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">“JRS stands in partnership with our fellow Jesuit institutions in calling on the Administration to restore the legal right to seek asylum for all of our brothers and sisters seeking safety. We witness the impact of this harmful policy among asylum seekers at the U.S. southern border whose fate and security continue to be unknown. The U.S. must rescind Title 42 immediately so that no one is denied the right to seek protection,” said Jesuit Refugee Service/USA Director of Advocacy & Operations <a href="https://www.jrsusa.org/about-us/our-team/#giulia" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); box-sizing: border-box; color: #3268c2; font-family: "Univers LT W01_65 Bold1475968", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 0.25s ease 0s, border-color 0.25s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s, color 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s;">Giulia McPherson</a>.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a href="https://www.law.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Title-42-Statement.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); box-sizing: border-box; color: #3268c2; font-family: "Univers LT W01_65 Bold1475968", sans-serif; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 0.25s ease 0s, border-color 0.25s ease 0s, box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s, color 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s, -webkit-box-shadow 0.25s ease 0s;">View the full letter</a>.</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">###</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #f7f7f7; box-sizing: border-box; color: #454545; font-family: "Univers LT W01_45 Light1475944", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.66667; margin: 15px 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Georgetown Law Me</span></p></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-84408001944437392682022-06-05T18:36:00.002-04:002023-08-24T17:01:53.261-04:00Violatoin of Regulation - Standard of Care - Todd Shipyards<p> </p>
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5APgE8A9kXE" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-4286246197877901132022-05-21T17:59:00.010-04:002023-05-30T11:14:00.005-04:00Foundations of Tort Law: SEO 2023<p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: large;">Foundations of Tort Law - SEO 2023 </span></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/lwzw3k5zxo8a8uy/Torts.foundations.SEO.2023.conk.pptx?dl=0" target="_blank">SLIDES</a></span></span></b></span></p><p><b style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">American Law Institute - <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/m2o32uga7zphfb8/The%20Restatements%20of%20the%20Law.docx?dl=0" target="_blank">The Restatements of the Law</a></span></b></p><p><b style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;">Restatement of Torts, 3rd </b></p><p><b style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/m6gndaoocyyl8sp/Restatement%20of%20the%20Law%20Third%2C%20Torts.2023.pptx?dl=0" target="_blank">Basic Principles</a></span> </b></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b> Intentional Torts [<span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/wyh06e4dtn8l0xu/Intentional.Torts.Restatement.3rd.drafts.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">BLACK Letter</a></span>]</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>Torts Remedies - <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/twavhbowqjx3goi/torts.remedies.pd1.black.letter.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">black letter</a></span> (pdf)</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>Cases</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>Economic Loss Rule</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDx_aLtdcs1iV2D_N3S_zXrRCV5NMMMXDed6urWxS-FAWVE0IN99xwdVRnEsg2-c0WJBucoRRb7NpqF8uSW_-FEltiQAmC-grndDOOe7HZhkui6WqkBxn3t2wkbmTZ-vu8o4vryz3c13Arg00vWTUdamf_v2M6rnSJDbUhXK3vIR8iiIS_6iNXfBR78g" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="750" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDx_aLtdcs1iV2D_N3S_zXrRCV5NMMMXDed6urWxS-FAWVE0IN99xwdVRnEsg2-c0WJBucoRRb7NpqF8uSW_-FEltiQAmC-grndDOOe7HZhkui6WqkBxn3t2wkbmTZ-vu8o4vryz3c13Arg00vWTUdamf_v2M6rnSJDbUhXK3vIR8iiIS_6iNXfBR78g" width="320" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b><br /><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>Aikens v. Debow</b>, <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://casetext.com/case/aikens-v-debow">208 W. Va. 486 </a></span>(2000)</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-aikens-v-debow">Law School case brief</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>Assault & Battery</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVEoJ8IRzGjgzBB2aDFFmuhAT1nvrDfRDEthcYpyYsBTiAUEaeMSLHCc1jSYJgiY8AsCu-kBGbirYrfiZDxbKCHGTtBZ7O5oz9xKbVdMGa-KYvAveKhfqWK_oOCzFnBGEYScYT-K8pYJgH7esOytI3sPyjVfviC_Div5ndeY7UXEIgQpPI83BEJW2Qzg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="379" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVEoJ8IRzGjgzBB2aDFFmuhAT1nvrDfRDEthcYpyYsBTiAUEaeMSLHCc1jSYJgiY8AsCu-kBGbirYrfiZDxbKCHGTtBZ7O5oz9xKbVdMGa-KYvAveKhfqWK_oOCzFnBGEYScYT-K8pYJgH7esOytI3sPyjVfviC_Div5ndeY7UXEIgQpPI83BEJW2Qzg" width="227" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>Brooker v. Silverthorne</b>, <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://casetext.com/case/brooker-v-silverthorne" target="_blank">111 S.C. 553</a></span> (1919)</span></p><p><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-brooker-v-silverthorne" target="_blank">Law School case brief</a></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Would defendant be liable for assault under the Third Restatement of Torts?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">§ 5. Assault (T.D. No. 4)
(approved 2019)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">An actor is subject to liability
to another for assault if:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">(a) (i) the actor intends to cause
the other to anticipate an imminent,<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">and harmful or offensive, contact
with his or her person, or<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">(ii) the actor’s intent is
sufficient under § 11 (transferred intent);<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">and<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">(b) the actor’s affirmative
conduct causes the other to anticipate an<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;">imminent,
and harmful or offensive, contact with his or her person.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCDRbcGYCQKb9T349vLfRSILvwbRBlsTilZwnhR3HZmcXyLjVfQ8mi2k2ncvcpgKgEY8HJb61D5iZHKfgf9fWQskm5moqtDxN7nbTRDnAtJdkoJdMa7_lmia7aUAq6OzwivaDGZzuIjX4cYWkPd7z3SS9ep5eIDvUFKEq0Wi3dScDGZZdi-dMfD1CnDQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCDRbcGYCQKb9T349vLfRSILvwbRBlsTilZwnhR3HZmcXyLjVfQ8mi2k2ncvcpgKgEY8HJb61D5iZHKfgf9fWQskm5moqtDxN7nbTRDnAtJdkoJdMa7_lmia7aUAq6OzwivaDGZzuIjX4cYWkPd7z3SS9ep5eIDvUFKEq0Wi3dScDGZZdi-dMfD1CnDQ" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><br /><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Haeussler v. De Loretto</b>,<span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://casetext.com/case/haeussler-v-de-loretto" target="_blank">109 Cal App 2d 363</a></span> (1952)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-haeussler-v-de-loretto" target="_blank">Law School case brief</a></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Appeal from a judgment in favor of defendant. Judgment affirmed.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">“ One who is involved in an altercation with another has the
right to use such force as is necessary to protect himself from bodily injury,
and the question of the amount of force justifiable under the circumstances is
one for the trier of fact.”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16pt;"><i>Is this the Kyle Rittenhouse defense? Does that invalidate the principle?</i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh3TgJtVCCAM9tt1T5GvyEfwpdKb2ueIYFKdUyhsbVr9RnZwv541pI7L34OguztE9IVDRqQ2saNHKiQv9eIPHR3jv6dX3y__GNi_YChFbTn0i5pJzKPNYLGK6NCyBJ0BRoWe9SaF2fevok8Np7BXPvuH8Ydwb8gMu6KLI-gneqn7wokjka4WMkgThhatw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh3TgJtVCCAM9tt1T5GvyEfwpdKb2ueIYFKdUyhsbVr9RnZwv541pI7L34OguztE9IVDRqQ2saNHKiQv9eIPHR3jv6dX3y__GNi_YChFbTn0i5pJzKPNYLGK6NCyBJ0BRoWe9SaF2fevok8Np7BXPvuH8Ydwb8gMu6KLI-gneqn7wokjka4WMkgThhatw" width="240" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Katko v. Briney </b>, 183 NW 2d 657 (Iowa 1971)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="https://www.quimbee.com/cases/katko-v-briney">https://www.quimbee.com/cases/katko-v-briney</a></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b><a href="https://www.quimbee.com/cases/katko-v-briney" target="_blank">Quimbee case summary</a></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 12pt; mso-collapsed-heading: yes; mso-outline-level: 2; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #161619; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16pt;"><i><b>Spring gun in vacant boarded up farmhouse
seriously injures plaintiff<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 12pt; mso-outline-level: 2; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #161619; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i><b>plaintiff and companion broke in to find old bottles to sell as
antiques.<o:p></o:p></b></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;"><i><b>
</b></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 24.0pt; margin: 24pt 0in 12pt; mso-outline-level: 2; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #161619; font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16pt;"><i><b>Verdict: $20,000 compensatory, $10,000 punitive or exemplary</b></i><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;"><b><i>Do you agree with Judge Larson in dissent?</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;">"</span><b><span style="color: #212121; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I would hold the award of $10,000 to plaintiff is void.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="color: #212121; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><span style="color: #212121; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">We cannot in good conscience ignore the conduct of the plaintiff. He does not come into the court with clean hands.</span></b><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">"</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia5FwPRAYRV2SVr-8mx8o7KI8yMVUkeexit10koJRHf1VML8E5NKEZ2VSWJxzkxbbvkGAU0xp81p0DCba0nCS2eSt9DLLHJs2DFGBRXrrlb21MhS7qFRm5oyO8XT-Hu1G8RybtsaI5iUfTq1szUCA8E5U_b1QKOu298L6TDwZdcaoPAZJhqWZfIEC5Vg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia5FwPRAYRV2SVr-8mx8o7KI8yMVUkeexit10koJRHf1VML8E5NKEZ2VSWJxzkxbbvkGAU0xp81p0DCba0nCS2eSt9DLLHJs2DFGBRXrrlb21MhS7qFRm5oyO8XT-Hu1G8RybtsaI5iUfTq1szUCA8E5U_b1QKOu298L6TDwZdcaoPAZJhqWZfIEC5Vg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;">Koffman v Garnett</b><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">, </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://casetext.com/case/koffman-v-garnett" target="_blank">266 Va. 12</a></span><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"> (2003)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.quimbee.com/cases/koffman-v-garnett" target="_blank">Quimbee video and Case summary</a></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">Appeal from grant of a Motion for judgment as a matter of law in favor of defendant football coach.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">Reversed as to gross negligence, affirmed as to assault, and reversed as to battery.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Could a jury reasonably conclude that the coach was reckless as defined in the Restatement of Torts 3rd?</i></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #252525; font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: medium;">§ 2 Recklessness</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 10pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 20pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">A person acts recklessly in engaging in
conduct if:<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 40pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">(a) the person knows of the risk of harm
created by the conduct or knows facts that make the risk obvious to another in
the person’s situation, and<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 40pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -0.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;">(b) the precaution that would eliminate or
reduce the risk involves burdens that are so slight relative to the magnitude
of the risk as to render the person’s failure to adopt the precaution a
demonstration of the person’s indifference to the risk.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Or, per Virginia law: </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> </span><span> </span>"that degree of negligence which shows indifference to others as constitutes an utter disregard of prudence amounting to a complete neglect of the safety of another; such a degree thas wwould shock the fair-minded although something less than willful recklessness"</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Did Andrew Garnett - by joining a tackle football team - give actual consent to the Coach's demonstration of how to tackle? Use Draft Restatement 3rd: Intentional Torts:</i></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></b></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">§ 14. Actual Consent: Scope Conditions (T.D. No. 4) (approved 2019)</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">(a) A person’s actual consent extends to conduct of the actor that is not </span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;">substantially different in nature from the conduct that the person is willing to permit.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">(b) If a person places a condition upon his or her actual consent that limits the consent with </span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;">respect to time, area, or otherwise, the consent is legally effective only </span></b><b><span style="font-size: medium;">within the limits of the condition.</span></b></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">Leffler v. Sharp</span></b> , <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://casetext.com/case/leffler-v-sharp" target="_blank"><b>891 So 2d 152</b></a></span> (2005)</p><p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-leffler-v-sharp" target="_blank">Law School case brief</a></span></b></p><p><b>Appeal from summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's complaint on ground he was a trespasser. on the roof of a party venue.</b></p><p><b>Compare <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.courts.ca.gov/partners/documents/Judicial_Council_of_California_Civil_Jury_Instructions.pdf" target="_blank">California Civil Instructons: Premises Liability</a> </span><span>Section 1004, et seq.</span></b></p><p><b>Affirmed</b></p><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">Three common law categories of strangers coming onto land</span>:</b></p><p></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>an <i><u>invitee</u></i> is a person who
goes upon the premises of another in answer to the express or implied
invitation of the owner or occupant for their mutual advantage . . . A <i><u>licensee</u></i> is one who enters upon the
property of another for his own convenience, pleasure, or benefit pursuant to
the license or implied permission of the owner whereas a <i><u>trespasser</u></i> is one who enters upon another's premises without
license, invitation, or other right." </b></span></blockquote><p></p><p><b><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></b></p><blockquote><p><b><span style="font-size: large;">An invitee is owed the duty of keeping he premises reasonably safe and to warn of hidden dangers; licensees enter with permission, and both licensees and trespassers are owed the duty to "refrain from willfully or wantonly inuring them"</span></b></p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p><b><i><span style="font-size: large;"> What was Leffler's status when he entered? When he fell?</span></i></b></p><p><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Why are different categories of entrants on land treated differently?</span></i></b></p><p><b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i></b></p><p><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiX9ThwKwp3Ay-q8GrA8lVWE9Igon_APS60Tiq6oweO7y5HF3CgYg2ikgRscaG1IgiAuAfpvSKeQUiIAdT5A1D1kU8DpWnPD5NtGPKWrGloxNJO77h0gAxFOQ2_1gW40U5gEIn1TUFZKGJH2FYbM7GEWuf_IKNKGyhfxBbBcl1lP7z0A7nelog7qVoqmg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="284" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiX9ThwKwp3Ay-q8GrA8lVWE9Igon_APS60Tiq6oweO7y5HF3CgYg2ikgRscaG1IgiAuAfpvSKeQUiIAdT5A1D1kU8DpWnPD5NtGPKWrGloxNJO77h0gAxFOQ2_1gW40U5gEIn1TUFZKGJH2FYbM7GEWuf_IKNKGyhfxBbBcl1lP7z0A7nelog7qVoqmg=w382-h238" width="382" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California, </span><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/3d/17/425.html" target="_blank">17 Cal. 3d 425 (1976)</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></b></p><div><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><i><a href="https://www.quimbee.com/cases/tarasoff-v-regents-of-university-of-california" target="_blank">Quimbee case brief and animation</a></i></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><i>Why wasn't it enough, in the Curt's view, that Dr. Moore reported Poddar's threat to kill Tatiana Tarasoff to the UC Berkeley campus police?</i></span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><i>Why does the court impose an obligation to notify the potential victim? Doesn't that destroy the confidentiality which is an essential part of the psychotherapist-patient relationship?</i></span></b></div><div><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><i><br /></i></span></b></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="font-size: x-large;">Vetter v. Morgan, </b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://casetext.com/case/vetter-v-morgan">22 Kan App. 2d 1</a></span></span></div><div><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><i><br /></i></span></b></div><div><b><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.quimbee.com/cases/vetter-v-morgan" target="_blank">Quimbee animation and case brief</a></span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><i><span style="font-size: medium;">Would Morgan be liable for assault under the Restatement 3rd, Intentional Torts?</span></i></b></div><div><div><b></b></div><blockquote><div><b>§ 5. Assault (T.D. No. 4) (approved 2019)</b></div><div><b>An actor is subject to liability to another for assault if:</b></div><div><b>(a) (i) the actor intends to cause the other to anticipate an imminent,</b></div><div><b>and harmful or offensive, contact with his or her person, or</b></div><div><b>(ii) the actor’s intent is sufficient under § 11 (transferred intent);</b></div><div><b>and</b></div><div><b>(b) the actor’s affirmative conduct causes the other to anticipate an</b></div><div><b>imminent, and harmful or offensive, contact with his or her person.</b></div></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b><i>Why would plaintiff press a theory of negligence, rather than intentional harm - which might support a verdict of punitive damages?</i></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">The court holds that such horseplay and intentional rude pranks may be treated as negligence, because such behavior created "a risk that the victim's reaction may cause harm." </span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Restatement Torts 2d 303, cmt e provides:</span></p><div><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"></span></b></div></div><div><span class="SS_it" data-housestyle="EMPHASIS_it" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #212121; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"></span></span><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span class="SS_it" data-housestyle="EMPHASIS_it" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #212121; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">e</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121;">. It is common experience that a sudden fright or shock is likely to cause the person subjected to it to react to it instinctively without regard to the danger involved to himself or to others in his vicinity. The circumstances which the actor knows, or which he should recognize as likely to exist, may be such that he should realize that this instinctive reaction may involve risk to the bodily security of the other whom he subjects to the shock or to the bodily security of third persons. If so, he is negligent toward them if he intentionally subjects the other to such a shock or acts in a manner which he should recognize as involving an unreasonable risk of such a result. </span></span></blockquote><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: lato; font-size: 18px;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b>Why did it matter to plaintiff to establish a "joint venture"civil conspiracy?</b></i></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13pt; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><a href="https://plus.lexis.com/api/document?collection=analytical-materials&id=urn:contentItem:42JH-HPW0-00YF-T167-00000-00&context=1530671"><i><span style="background: white; color: #0077cc;">Restatement
(Second) of Torts § 876</span></i></a> (1977) sets out rules for tort liability
of persons acting in concert.</span><o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13pt; margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Why does this matter to plaintiff?</span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 0in 0in 20pt; text-align: justify;"><b><a name="Bookmark_para_29"></a><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"> </span></b></p></div><blockquote><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 20.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 0in 0in 20pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> "For harm resulting to a third person from the tortious conduct of
another, one is subject to liability if he<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13pt; margin-left: 20pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a name="Bookmark_para_30"></a>(a) does
a tortious act in concert with the other or pursuant to a common design with
him, or<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13pt; margin-left: 20pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a name="Bookmark_para_31"></a>(b) knows
that the other's conduct constitutes a breach of duty and gives substantial
assistance or encouragement to the other so to conduct himself, or<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13pt; margin-left: 20pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b><a name="Bookmark_para_32"></a>(c) gives
substantial assistance to the other in accomplishing a tortious result and his
own conduct, separately considered, constitutes a breach of duty to the third
person." </b><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Vosburg v. Putney</b></span><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">, 50 N.W. 403 (1891)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghPE1ztnNorMJxXwcdD9DDy8UdYLOi7SGTZ70WexAlTTWWqGpUt9jIgL76ygXpNj25mziH3NCnLYc0raY8ekR6uJXz0vYP7zFu_9v1C-8ZxYdHxVqpmS7dFkcr-FZRYnA8bvwRgSVGH0X2jk12ubKg-toNFANkjpkyDS3y7SBxlVm9exXcTHUjI55lpw" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="750" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghPE1ztnNorMJxXwcdD9DDy8UdYLOi7SGTZ70WexAlTTWWqGpUt9jIgL76ygXpNj25mziH3NCnLYc0raY8ekR6uJXz0vYP7zFu_9v1C-8ZxYdHxVqpmS7dFkcr-FZRYnA8bvwRgSVGH0X2jk12ubKg-toNFANkjpkyDS3y7SBxlVm9exXcTHUjI55lpw" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.quimbee.com/cases/vosburg-v-putney" target="_blank"><b><i>Quimbee animation and summary</i></b></a></span></span></p><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #212121; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><blockquote>"the wrong-doer is liable for all injuries resulting directly from the wrongful act, whether they could or could not have been foreseen by him."</blockquote></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><br style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #212121; font-family: Lato, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i>Is this a battery or an assault?</i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i>Is the result fair since the 12 year old defendant could not have known how serious an injury would result?</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i></i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiOK6_DS5ZxeM90FxjNAvQfDVtBw2ytaM9JI_WqaoQ04H9EdVb2kgRkTa8ALsX4jUVsuqLGMu_BA20d2GeWx7_QjGRcvB1GqnI7deMugLd1EIjesqn23qcvnyk1drUGI5NIAdA5y7XjLnIKJ5UjMfKx4OoLfyAkkdXNcNTgirvjAaWaFjNX6wbOk4OJ8A" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiOK6_DS5ZxeM90FxjNAvQfDVtBw2ytaM9JI_WqaoQ04H9EdVb2kgRkTa8ALsX4jUVsuqLGMu_BA20d2GeWx7_QjGRcvB1GqnI7deMugLd1EIjesqn23qcvnyk1drUGI5NIAdA5y7XjLnIKJ5UjMfKx4OoLfyAkkdXNcNTgirvjAaWaFjNX6wbOk4OJ8A" width="320" /></a></i></div><i><br /><br /></i><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><span style="color: #2b00fe; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://casetext.com/case/wagner-v-state-115" target="_blank">Wagner v. State of Utah</a>, </span> <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2576436/wagner-v-state/" target="_blank">205 UT 54</a></span> (Utah 2005)</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-wagner-v-utah-department-of-human-servs-188128902" target="_blank">Law School Case Brief</a></span></b></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><b>Mentally disabled assailant accompanied by a state worker at a K-Mart: Non consensual contact is a battery, regardless of intent.</b></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><b>Sovereign immunity retained.</b></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212529;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>Conclusion</b>: Only intent to make contact was necessary, and the attack constituted a battery. The fact that plaintiff injured party and her husband alleged that the patient could not have intended to harm her or understood that his attack would inflict injury or offense was not relevant to the analysis of whether a battery occurred. So long as the patient intended to make contact and s<b><i>o long as that contact was one to which the injured party had not given her consent, the patient committed a batter</i></b>y. Finally, battery was a tort for which <b><i>the state had retained immunity</i></b> pursuant to Utah Code Ann. § 63-30-10(2) (1997) (repealed 2004).</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i></i></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg30KBmToil8Auc1PoLZ-1BGEDlfxK4ZmaUUb-VixeMmSEixSYcYgzcF4dVJPNMbz-S-6z2EVQUEIsxdkMCany1ha_P7oXZ8GFppWxv618AXzNsS-QWu6oGf2F6MCATbxWw8ABemhU4VaCmMl5esB85xs50fZ2MC_C1OiFWEGPTbM6wS2aCZ-TsWMAljg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="600" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg30KBmToil8Auc1PoLZ-1BGEDlfxK4ZmaUUb-VixeMmSEixSYcYgzcF4dVJPNMbz-S-6z2EVQUEIsxdkMCany1ha_P7oXZ8GFppWxv618AXzNsS-QWu6oGf2F6MCATbxWw8ABemhU4VaCmMl5esB85xs50fZ2MC_C1OiFWEGPTbM6wS2aCZ-TsWMAljg" width="320" /></a></i></b></div><b><i><br /><br /></i></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><b>Walter v. Wal-Mart Stores, </b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://law.justia.com/cases/maine/supreme-court/2000/2000-me-63-0.html" target="_blank">2000 Me 63</a></span> (2000)</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.lexisnexis.com/community/casebrief/p/casebrief-walter-v-wal-mart-stores-inc" target="_blank">Law School Case Brief</a></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">Compare: <span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/j6izs94ox0yjjpp/model.charge.nj.8.11b.doc?dl=0" target="_blank">NJ Model Civil Jury Charge 8.11B</a></span>: Duty to Mitigate/Avoidable Consequences</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;">Pharmacist inattentively fills prescription with wrong drug [Alkeran not Leukeran] , causing harm.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i>What is a "judicial admission"? Who can make such an admission?</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i>The pharmacist admitted a "serious error". Why then does the court deny that there has been an admission of liability as a matter of law?</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i>What is the meaning of a judgment as a matter of law on liability?</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b><i>What if anything remains for the jury if the court decides there is liability?</i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><b>Avoidable Consequences - Duty to mitigate damages</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i>What is contributory negligence? When does it apply?</i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i>Was the patient negligent for failure to recognize the dispensing error?</i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i>What is the effect of a failure to mitigate"?</i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i>What is the "double reduction" of which the Court warns?</i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><br /></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><br /></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><i><br /></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span face=""TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT",serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;"><br /></span></b></p><br /><p></p>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-30055099709075516102022-02-19T23:35:00.001-05:002022-02-19T23:35:07.219-05:00Amy Coney Barrett is not being honest about what the Supreme Court is up to - Vox<a href="https://www.vox.com/2022/2/19/22934915/supreme-court-justices-not-honest-amy-coney-barrett-notre-dame-abortion-voting-rights">Amy Coney Barrett is not being honest about what the Supreme Court is up to - Vox</a><div><div class="c-entry-hero__header-wrap" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4c4e4d; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; font-family: Balto, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; justify-content: space-between; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><h1 class="c-page-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; flex: 1 1 0px; font-size: 2.5em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 0.6rem; padding: 0.6rem 0px 0px; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">The Supreme Court is not being honest with you</h1></div><p class="c-entry-summary p-dek" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Balto, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 0.6rem; max-width: 798px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Justice Amy Coney Barrett appears to be quite unfamiliar with her own judicial record, and that of her colleagues.</p><div class="c-byline" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: Balto, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8em; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="c-byline-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">By <span class="c-byline__item" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"><a data-analytics-link="author-name" href="https://www.vox.com/authors/ian-millhiser" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4f7177; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit; transition: color 0.1s ease 0s, background-color 0.1s ease 0s, fill 0.1s ease 0s; vertical-align: inherit;"><span class="c-byline__author-name" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Ian Millhiser</span></a> </span><span class="c-byline__item" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;"> <time class="c-byline__item" data-ui="timestamp" datetime="2022-02-19T13:00:00" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit; vertical-align: inherit;">Feb 19, 2022, 8:00am EST</time></span></span></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-89205441213531066752022-02-13T23:17:00.005-05:002022-02-15T16:53:01.252-05:00S.2342 - Ends Forced Arbitration of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment claims | Congress.gov | Library of Congress<div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-size: large; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTKUIAwrJ1PEBX4yaV45FxIf06ndla9Y5gOgS75DM0o-IYju4AoF9QMI6f4SCX56FHtRN_eOjL2U6MAtq7P8pfbP7Eni48VOya0-FazE2073agvPZuRj4h7HMsfAA2z8Rm4TlI50HuGgYSp1axjoR_nBu3KiM9or5a80Yhgcf2pTcCfQOLYh_3lG5TCg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="916" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTKUIAwrJ1PEBX4yaV45FxIf06ndla9Y5gOgS75DM0o-IYju4AoF9QMI6f4SCX56FHtRN_eOjL2U6MAtq7P8pfbP7Eni48VOya0-FazE2073agvPZuRj4h7HMsfAA2z8Rm4TlI50HuGgYSp1axjoR_nBu3KiM9or5a80Yhgcf2pTcCfQOLYh_3lG5TCg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Senator Kirsten Gillibrand with former</i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Fox News Anchor Gretchen Carlson</i></div><br />In <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2342/text" target="_blank">S. 2342</a> </span></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Congress has opened a substantial breach in the wall erected by the United States Supreme Court blocking access to the courts by persons seeking redress for sexual harassment or assault. The Supreme Court has routinely enforced arbitration clauses in contracts of employment and elsewhere. The result has been that at their election employers can block access to the courts. Neither federal law - under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, nor state laws against discrimination have been available under the contracts of adhesion - take it or leave it terms set by contracts of employment or company rules. Now Congress has amended the </span><b style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://sccinstitute.com/media/37104/the-federal-arbitration-act-usa.pdf" target="_blank">Federal Arbitration Act </a></span></b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">and imposed similar limits on state laws.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Now the Congress has opened the courthouse doors in a measure sponsored by New York Senator Kirsten Gillibrand. She first introduced the bill in 2017 and on Friday stood victorious side by side with former Fox News Anchor Gretchen Carlson. The one-time Miss America had successfully sued Fox News leader Roger Ailes.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Although the National Labor Relations Act protects "concerted activity" in <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://blackstonetoday.blogspot.com/2018/05/epic-fraud-scotus-bars-collective.html" target="_blank">Epic Systems</a></span></b> - a 2018 wage and hours law case -the Supreme Court allowed employers as a condition of employment - to bar lawsuits arising from sexual harassment or assault. Compulsory arbitration deprives workers of a neutral judge, trial by jury, the benefit of court-ordered discovery, and public justice. Writing for the Court Neil Gorsuch asked</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><blockquote>Should employees and employers be allowed to agree that any disputes between them will be resolved through one-on-one arbitration? Or should employees always be permitted to bring their claims in class or collective actions, no matter what they agreed with their employers?</blockquote><p>His answer was:</p></span></span><span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><p style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 20px;"></span></p></span></span><blockquote><span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 20px;">“</span></span></span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">companies may require workers to settle employment disputes through individual arbitration rather than joining to press their complaints, a decision affecting as many as 25 million workers” </span></blockquote><span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><p style="background-color: white;"></p><p style="background-color: white;">But Ruth Ginsburg, dissenting wrote:</p><p style="background-color: white;"><span></span></p><blockquote style="background-color: white;"><span> </span>T]he edict that employees with wage and hours claims may seek relief only one-by-one does not come from Congress. It is the result of take-it-or-leave-it labor contracts harking back to the type called “yellow dog,” and of the readiness of this Court to enforce those unbargained-for agreements. </blockquote><p style="background-color: white;">Though Epic Systems itself is largely untouched its embrace of "choice" will no longer apply to sexual harassment claims. In a major victory for employees they will no longer be forced to "consent" to arbitration of sexual harassment or assault cases. Even courts that have sought to preserve the right to go to court have sometimes failed. Thus in <b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://blackstonetoday.blogspot.com/2020/08/nj-supreme-court-guts-consent-to.html" target="_blank">Skuse v. Pfizer</a></span></b> a divided New Jersey Supreme Court in 2020 voted to enforce a mandatory arbitration clause compelled post-employment by the drug giant Pfizer, Inc..</p><p style="background-color: white;"></p></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">- GWC </span></div><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2342/text"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><b>Text - S.2342 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Ending Forced Arbitration of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Act of 2021 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress</b></span></a><div><i class="lbexTextNeutral" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline-block; margin-left: inherit;"><p class="lbexHangWithMargin" style="clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem 2em; text-indent: -2em;"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><span class="lbexSectionlevelOLCBold" style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="lbexEnumUcs" style="word-spacing: -3pt;">9 U.S.C. § </span>401.</span> <span class="lbexSectionlevelOLCBold" style="font-size: 14pt;">Definitions</span></span></p><p style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem;">“In this chapter:</p><div class="lbexSimpleItalic" style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;"><a id="id9efa567b-f736-49ac-9e19-0e97f0dcfae4" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentParagraph id9efa567b-f736-49ac-9e19-0e97f0dcfae4-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 2em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(1) <span style="font-size: 17.6px; text-transform: capitalize;">P</span>REDISPUTE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT.—The term ‘predispute arbitration agreement’ means any agreement to arbitrate a dispute that has not yet arisen at the time of the making of the agreement.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic" style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;"><a id="id923d25bd-c96f-46df-86a0-0d13a2c51bdd" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentParagraph id923d25bd-c96f-46df-86a0-0d13a2c51bdd-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 2em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(2) <span style="font-size: 17.6px; text-transform: capitalize;">P</span>REDISPUTE JOINT-ACTION WAIVER.—The term ‘predispute joint-action waiver’ means an agreement, whether or not part of a predispute arbitration agreement, that would prohibit, or waive the right of, one of the parties to the agreement to participate in a joint, class, or collective action in a judicial, arbitral, administrative, or other forum, concerning a dispute that has not yet arisen at the time of the making of the agreement.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic" style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;"><a id="idad57174d-2b90-40cd-9402-1445d2711e79" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentParagraph idad57174d-2b90-40cd-9402-1445d2711e79-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 2em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(3) <span style="font-size: 17.6px; text-transform: capitalize;">S</span>EXUAL ASSAULT DISPUTE.—The term ‘sexual assault dispute’ means a dispute involving a nonconsensual sexual act or sexual contact, as such terms are defined in section 2246 of title 18 or similar applicable Tribal or State law, including when the victim lacks capacity to consent.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic" style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px;"><a id="idf1d48f3f-a027-4997-9c2a-b77aef3d8cfb" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentParagraph idf1d48f3f-a027-4997-9c2a-b77aef3d8cfb-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 2em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(4) <span style="font-size: 17.6px; text-transform: capitalize;">S</span>EXUAL HARASSMENT DISPUTE.—The term ‘sexual harassment dispute’ means a dispute relating to any of the following conduct directed at an individual or a group of individuals:</p></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic"><a id="id7830f8a7-a3cd-4853-92f6-a6b7fbe7d794" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentSubpar id7830f8a7-a3cd-4853-92f6-a6b7fbe7d794-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 4em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(A) Unwelcome sexual advances.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic"><a id="ide01fe9f9-f10c-4baa-89fd-9fd97a95e8f9" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentSubpar ide01fe9f9-f10c-4baa-89fd-9fd97a95e8f9-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 4em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(B) Unwanted physical contact that is sexual in nature, including assault.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic"><a id="id1a8f5504-4920-48ae-b088-07acb348dcc9" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentSubpar id1a8f5504-4920-48ae-b088-07acb348dcc9-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 4em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(C) Unwanted sexual attention, including unwanted sexual comments and propositions for sexual activity.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic"><a id="idacf21e5d-af71-492c-bf8f-8934186f1645" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentSubpar idacf21e5d-af71-492c-bf8f-8934186f1645-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 4em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(D) Conditioning professional, educational, consumer, health care, or long-term care benefits on sexual activity.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic"><a id="id2b09c148-bc14-421c-be41-62835e590d14" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndentSubpar id2b09c148-bc14-421c-be41-62835e590d14-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 4em; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(E) Retaliation for rejecting unwanted sexual attention.</p></div></div></div></i><i class="lbexTextNeutral" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline-block; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: inherit;"><p class="lbexHangWithMargin" style="clear: both; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem 2em; text-indent: -2em;"><span style="font-weight: bolder;"><a id="idfc5cb1ba-dabb-423d-a891-66009a7928a2" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><span class="lbexSectionlevelOLCBold" style="font-size: 14pt;">“<span class="lbexEnumUcs" style="word-spacing: -3pt;">§ </span>402.</span> <span class="lbexSectionlevelOLCBold" style="font-size: 14pt;">No validity or enforceability</span></span></p><div class="lbexSimpleItalic"><a id="id291de424-2330-464a-accb-e8d0e1d569c9" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndent id291de424-2330-464a-accb-e8d0e1d569c9-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 0px; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(a) <span class="lbexSectionLevelOLCnuclear" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: capitalize; word-spacing: 2pt;">In General</span>.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, at the election of the person alleging conduct constituting a sexual assault dispute or sexual harassment dispute, or the named representative of a class or in a collective action alleging such conduct, no predispute arbitration agreement or predispute joint-action waiver shall be valid or enforceable with respect to a case which is filed under Federal, Tribal, or State law and relates to the sexual assault dispute or the sexual harassment dispute.</p></div></div><div class="lbexSimpleItalic"><a id="idc0f1126b-6040-47c1-a644-fc1588c03c57" style="background-color: transparent; color: #3366cc; text-decoration-line: underline;"></a><div class="deep-link" style="align-items: center; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><p class="lbexIndent idc0f1126b-6040-47c1-a644-fc1588c03c57-content" style="margin: 0px 30px 1.25rem 0px; position: relative; text-indent: 2em; z-index: 10;">“(b) <span class="lbexSectionLevelOLCnuclear" style="font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; letter-spacing: 1pt; text-transform: capitalize; word-spacing: 2pt;">Determination Of Applicability</span>.—An issue as to whether this chapter applies with respect to a dispute shall be determined under Federal law. The applicability of this chapter to an agreement to arbitrate and the validity and enforceability of an agreement to which this chapter applies shall be determined by a court, rather than an arbitrator, irrespective of whether the party resisting arbitration challenges the arbitration agreement specifically or in conjunction with other terms of the contract containing such agreement, and irrespective of whether the agreement purports to delegate such determinations to an arbitrator.”.</p></div></div></i></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-60904692873135436522022-02-13T12:56:00.000-05:002022-02-13T12:56:00.948-05:00Lipton: Capital Discrimination - was SSRN bullied?<div><b>Ann Lipton, an Associate Dean at Tulane Law School, has written a very interesting article which she posted pre-publication by Houston Law Review. But SSRN - the Elsevier owned platform which exists for such purposes - removed her article and Houston withdrew its publication commitment - when lawyers for a target of the article's criticism threatened suit in a cease and desist letter.</b></div><div><b>Tulane's lawyers responded - in a letter that IMO is a concise and correct statement of the law of defamation. The cease and desist letter does not demonstrate such competence. I'm disturbed that Elsevier caved.</b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>But more importantly the article addresses an interesting issue: our anti-discrimination laws don't adequately address the issue of arbitrary discrimination by those whose power is due to capital, not an employer-employee relationship. </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/business_law/2022/02/an-update-on-capital-discrimination.html" target="_blank">Lipton: Capital Discrimination - was SSRN bullied?</a></span></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="line" style="background: url("/responsive-template/line.jpg") 0px 13px repeat-x scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #222222; font-family: "Open Sans", proxima-nova, "Helvetica Neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><p class="author" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; float: left; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px 5px;">By <a href="https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/business_law/2022/02/an-update-on-capital-discrimination.html#" style="color: #007dbb; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">Ann Lipton</a></p></div><div class="share hidden-print" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Open Sans", proxima-nova, "Helvetica Neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><div class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-right st-has-labels st-inline-share-buttons st-animated" id="st-1" style="direction: ltr; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 8px; opacity: 1; text-align: right; transition: o 0.2s ease-in 0s, p 0.2s ease-in 0s, a 0.2s ease-in 0s, c 0.2s ease-in 0s, i 0.2s ease-in 0s, t 0.2s ease-in 0s, y 0.2s ease-in 0s; z-index: 94034;"><div class="st-total " style="color: #555555; display: inline-block; line-height: 12px; margin-right: 0px; max-width: 80px; padding: 4px 8px; text-align: center;"><span class="st-label" style="display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 17px; padding: 0px;">12.6k</span><span class="st-shares" style="display: block; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; padding: 0px;">Shares</span></div><div class="st-btn st-first" data-network="facebook" style="background-color: #4267b2; border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 8px; min-width: 120px; padding: 0px 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in 0s, top 0.2s ease-in 0s; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="facebook sharing button" src="https://platform-cdn.sharethis.com/img/facebook.svg" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 16px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; width: 16px;" /> <span class="st-label" style="color: white; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.5px; min-width: 60px; opacity: 1; padding: 0px 6px; position: relative; transition: all 0.2s ease-in 0s; vertical-align: top;">9</span></div><div class="st-btn" data-network="twitter" style="background-color: #55acee; border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 8px; min-width: 120px; padding: 0px 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in 0s, top 0.2s ease-in 0s; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="twitter sharing button" src="https://platform-cdn.sharethis.com/img/twitter.svg" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 16px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; width: 16px;" /> <span class="st-label" style="color: white; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.5px; min-width: 60px; opacity: 1; padding: 0px 6px; position: relative; transition: all 0.2s ease-in 0s; vertical-align: top;">10k</span></div><div class="st-btn st-hide-label" data-network="linkedin" style="background-color: #0077b5; border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 8px; min-width: 120px; padding: 0px 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in 0s, top 0.2s ease-in 0s; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="linkedin sharing button" src="https://platform-cdn.sharethis.com/img/linkedin.svg" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 16px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; width: 16px;" /></div><div class="st-btn st-last" data-network="email" style="background-color: #7d7d7d; border-radius: 0px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 11px; height: 32px; line-height: 32px; margin-right: 0px; min-width: 120px; padding: 0px 8px; position: relative; text-align: center; top: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in 0s, top 0.2s ease-in 0s; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;"><img alt="email sharing button" src="https://platform-cdn.sharethis.com/img/email.svg" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 16px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 8px; vertical-align: top; width: 16px;" /> <span class="st-label" style="color: white; display: inline-block; letter-spacing: 0.5px; min-width: 60px; opacity: 1; padding: 0px 6px; position: relative; transition: all 0.2s ease-in 0s; vertical-align: top;">2</span></div></div></div><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Previously, I announced that my paper, <em>Capital Discrimination</em>, <a href="https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/business_law/2021/07/new-paper-capital-discrimination.html" style="color: #007dbb; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">would be forthcoming in the Houston Law Review</a>, and had just been posted publicly to SSRN. As I explained in <a href="https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/business_law/2021/07/new-paper-capital-discrimination.html" style="color: #007dbb; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">that post</a>, the paper explores the problem of gender discrimination against women as business owners and capital providers, and proposes changes to both statutory law and common law fiduciary duties in order to address gender-based oppression in business.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">The paper itself describes several business law cases from different jurisdictions, including <a href="https://courts.delaware.gov/Opinions/Download.aspx?id=252550" style="color: #007dbb; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><em>Shawe v. Elting</em></a>, a matter very familiar to business lawyers, and which involved an acrimonious dispute in the Delaware courts. Just before Christmas, an attorney representing Philip Shawe sent <a href="https://tulane.box.com/s/ppz87t51hl6131ao9tzkb4bkrlok8lbl" style="color: #007dbb; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">this cease and desist</a> letter to SSRN, demanding that the paper be removed from that site as defamatory. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">On New Year’s Day, SSRN removed the paper in response to Shawe’s letter. After that, Houston Law Review could no longer assure me that the article would run in its journal, and stated that they would not preclude me from submitting the paper for publication elsewhere. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Tulane’s counsel <a href="https://tulane.box.com/v/lettertossrn" style="color: #007dbb; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">has sent a response letter to SSRN</a> in hopes of having the paper restored but for now, to ensure that the paper is not kept out of sight indefinitely, I have made a copy <a href="https://tulane.box.com/v/capitaldiscrimination" style="color: #007dbb; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">available at this link</a>. This draft of the paper includes a reference to Mr. Shawe’s defamation claims.</span></p></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-60598468529067837822022-02-12T19:53:00.003-05:002022-02-12T19:53:35.892-05:00How the shadow docket works - video - Bloomberg<p> </p>
<iframe width="598" height="337" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NXQmMutowTA" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-9711964413573451382022-01-28T23:16:00.002-05:002022-01-28T23:16:28.482-05:00Cruikshank v. U.S. Quimbee<p> </p>
<iframe width="853" height="480" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hzkMmdE09tM" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-77245298394374252762022-01-21T11:56:00.002-05:002022-01-21T11:56:10.767-05:00What Democrats need from Mitch McConnell in an election reform deal.<a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2022/01/democrats-mitch-mcconnell-election-reform-deal.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">What Democrats need from Mitch McConnell in an election reform deal.</span></b></a><div><b>by Rick Hasen (UCLA)</b></div><div><p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/ckyo04cko001nz9m9squsadpg@published" data-word-count="103" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.democracydocket.com/news/the-pundits-are-wrong-democrats-must-reform-the-electoral-count-act-and-pass-comprehensive-voting-rights-legislation/" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: var(--theme-color,#ff0e50); box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.12s ease 0s, border-color 0.12s ease 0s, outline-color 0.12s ease 0s, outline-style 0.12s ease 0s;">The debate</a> over whether Democrats should pursue their large voting rights package or a narrower law aimed against election subversion became moot on Wednesday when Democrats <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-brace-for-likely-defeat-of-voting-rights-push-due-to-gop-filibuster/2022/01/19/2f9a734c-792d-11ec-bf97-6eac6f77fba2_story.html" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: var(--theme-color,#ff0e50); box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.12s ease 0s, border-color 0.12s ease 0s, outline-color 0.12s ease 0s, outline-style 0.12s ease 0s;">could not muster</a> up enough votes to tweak the filibuster rule to pass their larger package. Some Republicans are now making noise that they would support narrower anti-election subversion legislation centered on fixing an 1887 law known as the “Electoral Count Act.” Democrats should pursue this goal but think more broadly about other anti-subversion provisions that could attract bipartisan support. Bipartisan, pinpointed legislation is the best chance we have of avoiding a potential stolen presidential election in 2024 or beyond.</span></p><p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/ckyo04zge000q3f6eqi4d80w4@published" data-word-count="81" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #222222; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1.2em;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">The wide-or-narrow voting bill debate was weird because it was never an either/or proposition. As I <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/07/opinion/trump-democracy-voting-jan-6.html" style="border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-color: var(--theme-color,#ff0e50); box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.12s ease 0s, border-color 0.12s ease 0s, outline-color 0.12s ease 0s, outline-style 0.12s ease 0s;">wrote</a> in the <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">New York Times</em> a few weeks ago, “reaching bipartisan compromise against election subversion will not stop Democrats from fixing voting rights or partisan gerrymanders on their own—the fate of those bills depend not on Republicans but on Democrats convincing Senators [Joe] Manchin and [Kyrsten] Sinema to modify the filibuster rules. Republicans should not try to hold anti-election subversion hostage to Democrats giving up their voting agenda.”</span></p></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-76786122959927698352022-01-19T07:04:00.001-05:002022-01-19T07:04:10.886-05:00NJ Judiciary is offering free CLE courses on implicit bias and elimination of bias<a href="https://www.njcourts.gov/attorneys/index.html">NJ Courts: Attorney Portal</a><div><h3 class="major" style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 0.25em;">The Judiciary is offering free CLE courses on implicit bias and elimination of bias</h3><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">As announced in the October 20, 2020 <a href="https://www.njcourts.gov/notices/2020/n201021e.pdf?c=8pk" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0047b3; font-weight: 600; text-decoration-line: none;">notice</a> to the bar, the Judiciary will offer a series of real-time virtual courses on implicit bias and elimination of bias throughout calendar year 2021.</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">These courses provide one option for attorneys to fulfill the requirement established by the Supreme Court’s amendment to Rule 1:42-1 (“Continuing Legal Education Required”) and CLE regulations 103:1 and 201:1 to require diversity, inclusion, and elimination of bias training for attorneys licensed in New Jersey. They will be offered at no cost to the attendees.</p><ul class="list-unstyled" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato; font-size: 14px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.njcourts.gov/notices/2021/n210121b.pdf?c=oSZ" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0047b3; font-weight: 600; text-decoration-line: none;">Read the Jan. 21, 2021 Notice to the Bar</a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://www.njcourts.gov/attorneys/assets/listclecourses.pdf?c=frI" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0047b3; font-weight: 600; text-decoration-line: none;">Register for a class session</a></li></ul></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-56009165899111687632022-01-19T06:46:00.002-05:002022-01-19T06:46:44.354-05:00Governor Glenn Youngkin | Governor.Virginia.gov<a href="https://www.governor.virginia.gov/news-releases/2022/january/name-918519-en.html">Governor Glenn Youngkin | Governor.Virginia.gov</a><div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">RICHMOND</span>— Governor Glenn Youngkin today signed nine Executive Orders and two Executive Directives at the Virginia State Capitol, acting on several of his Day One promises to Virginians. The actions include an executive order ending the use of inherently divisive concepts – including Critical Race Theory – in public education, an executive order affirming the rights of parents to make decisions on masks in schools, and an executive order terminating the Virginia Parole Board and requesting the Attorney General begin a full investigation of the Board’s actions.</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">“It’s Day One, and we are going to work just like we promised,” said Governor Youngkin. “The important steps we are taking today begins the work of restoring excellence in education, making our communities safer, opening Virginia for business and reinvigorating job growth, and making government work for the people, and not the other way around. My Day One Game Plan also includes 59 pieces of legislation and a package of more than a dozen budget amendments I am working on with General Assembly leaders, including our efforts to double the standard deduction, eliminate the grocery tax, and end the tax on the first $40,000 in veteran retirement pay. It’s a new day in Virginia, but the work is only beginning.”</div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">Executive Orders</span>: </div><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </div><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Executive Order Number One delivers on his Day One promise to restore excellence in education by ending the use of divisive concepts, including Critical Race Theory, in public education.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f%3D001tzaCxuh46Km6flu2biwpnUO-eL1BAMj6lVGsZ7ii7mFqFfbPHFuGVKl4CdbheZz8MkxMhFhVaacmMfLjjzMV7_rGqXhHFNlzF5nbrdCcgrBv0IHZ8ClVkrrJ9EdSTSaGwzQT28JltVUvnlXGZfpW_Yi9chDS9fLPpgTIfnATApGrHBcqLMTvssiAFlUgy-Ok5Zru2chn65iBDXcYNo_xTzys5wmSy9iW0zttqCBmslE8-rbkcLoCeMKLtB7gimGixFpwRpAIdvobrXXijg3vXI_kRvuVhsaXS66OuSnMfNS9ER-REii1FAwYNdZ0ntUvb_pSCGdMX2_9ImUQHgCZA-CljN3JG2hLwFw1fNP8x7yDUCNFX70phdfOqszZoCkqeCaT-VQyF7sx0bizu6jn4x-_hoLqImmI%26c%3DeFe3cdS4eD6RteBp_5HtZfz8yN-1UqW63_2JOtJhWLWEPgQ6ZsHe6w%3D%3D%26ch%3Dy_PTIREvFfAM_ErxgwKsh5dQfYH-Plqlr4K4RsX0CmupuUZrr37xmA%3D%3D&source=gmail&ust=1642371108166000&usg=AOvVaw1GpPKGevd9U2yCuHYe_lFG" href="https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001tzaCxuh46Km6flu2biwpnUO-eL1BAMj6lVGsZ7ii7mFqFfbPHFuGVKl4CdbheZz8MkxMhFhVaacmMfLjjzMV7_rGqXhHFNlzF5nbrdCcgrBv0IHZ8ClVkrrJ9EdSTSaGwzQT28JltVUvnlXGZfpW_Yi9chDS9fLPpgTIfnATApGrHBcqLMTvssiAFlUgy-Ok5Zru2chn65iBDXcYNo_xTzys5wmSy9iW0zttqCBmslE8-rbkcLoCeMKLtB7gimGixFpwRpAIdvobrXXijg3vXI_kRvuVhsaXS66OuSnMfNS9ER-REii1FAwYNdZ0ntUvb_pSCGdMX2_9ImUQHgCZA-CljN3JG2hLwFw1fNP8x7yDUCNFX70phdfOqszZoCkqeCaT-VQyF7sx0bizu6jn4x-_hoLqImmI&c=eFe3cdS4eD6RteBp_5HtZfz8yN-1UqW63_2JOtJhWLWEPgQ6ZsHe6w==&ch=y_PTIREvFfAM_ErxgwKsh5dQfYH-Plqlr4K4RsX0CmupuUZrr37xmA==" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c5982; transition: color 0.05s linear 0s;" target="_blank">Read the full text of Executive Order Number One.</a></li></ul><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </div><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Executive Order Number Two delivers on his Day One promise to empower Virginia parents in their children’s education and upbringing by allowing parents to make decisions on whether their child wears a mask in school.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f%3D001tzaCxuh46Km6flu2biwpnUO-eL1BAMj6lVGsZ7ii7mFqFfbPHFuGVKl4CdbheZz8YCOatInx9X2UEbCb4WHxUhoYKl7lBOwbsDh6HxhNxD4oGshaxcKPVOSzGy_5wbETUmclV-aFSvLUNUleIU-j4-qddTnIKtLxPG4_8UkJguJRnsCW4iiquyEXQ-LWOuxVLjRlaZ9iAJTmny7vEzx8xCOK8kPWikAtndOhNAqkuado2ZgvE4zzM-YkNRBc8sLVWhbD3K_9TKKtpToPmhzCP85hJoR36kRM2f7ELFNygMN0jXcfmJ9clytKvvTLA_ZEgxBVlX5WM_uepsm75y7ugQ%3D%3D%26c%3DeFe3cdS4eD6RteBp_5HtZfz8yN-1UqW63_2JOtJhWLWEPgQ6ZsHe6w%3D%3D%26ch%3Dy_PTIREvFfAM_ErxgwKsh5dQfYH-Plqlr4K4RsX0CmupuUZrr37xmA%3D%3D&source=gmail&ust=1642371108166000&usg=AOvVaw0jnqsdPM55o2Vt_skcx_iv" href="https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001tzaCxuh46Km6flu2biwpnUO-eL1BAMj6lVGsZ7ii7mFqFfbPHFuGVKl4CdbheZz8YCOatInx9X2UEbCb4WHxUhoYKl7lBOwbsDh6HxhNxD4oGshaxcKPVOSzGy_5wbETUmclV-aFSvLUNUleIU-j4-qddTnIKtLxPG4_8UkJguJRnsCW4iiquyEXQ-LWOuxVLjRlaZ9iAJTmny7vEzx8xCOK8kPWikAtndOhNAqkuado2ZgvE4zzM-YkNRBc8sLVWhbD3K_9TKKtpToPmhzCP85hJoR36kRM2f7ELFNygMN0jXcfmJ9clytKvvTLA_ZEgxBVlX5WM_uepsm75y7ugQ==&c=eFe3cdS4eD6RteBp_5HtZfz8yN-1UqW63_2JOtJhWLWEPgQ6ZsHe6w==&ch=y_PTIREvFfAM_ErxgwKsh5dQfYH-Plqlr4K4RsX0CmupuUZrr37xmA==" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c5982; transition: color 0.05s linear 0s;" target="_blank">Read the full text of Executive Order Number Two.</a></li></ul><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </div><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 2rem;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Executive Order Number Three delivers on his Day One promise to restore integrity and confidence in the Parole Board of the Commonwealth of Virginia.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f%3D001tzaCxuh46Km6flu2biwpnUO-eL1BAMj6lVGsZ7ii7mFqFfbPHFuGVKl4CdbheZz8Sj_V89hQMXtXq7Ahr057Wq03QcB6Kc3TuEmtQXgZz8ejDZrgF8IxefqGP4aLwgf8LSH_yDXDGTTXwSefWwMk96PGNGuZRMcoiwJWh6BnDfV9jgb4q0a7pVNTYoAjomYQwSBJrk4e1etNNlMlYrFr9srPUgH5cufgFnxRyGebs-d08NYIGmFypSm15kQwKg75jmzZWdfZKzb5a3uTq_K2Vgem2Rsc4py4JhStwlXTWYw%3D%26c%3DeFe3cdS4eD6RteBp_5HtZfz8yN-1UqW63_2JOtJhWLWEPgQ6ZsHe6w%3D%3D%26ch%3Dy_PTIREvFfAM_ErxgwKsh5dQfYH-Plqlr4K4RsX0CmupuUZrr37xmA%3D%3D&source=gmail&ust=1642371108166000&usg=AOvVaw3aTzKjKM-8CzzRGFpt8Nbh" href="https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001tzaCxuh46Km6flu2biwpnUO-eL1BAMj6lVGsZ7ii7mFqFfbPHFuGVKl4CdbheZz8Sj_V89hQMXtXq7Ahr057Wq03QcB6Kc3TuEmtQXgZz8ejDZrgF8IxefqGP4aLwgf8LSH_yDXDGTTXwSefWwMk96PGNGuZRMcoiwJWh6BnDfV9jgb4q0a7pVNTYoAjomYQwSBJrk4e1etNNlMlYrFr9srPUgH5cufgFnxRyGebs-d08NYIGmFypSm15kQwKg75jmzZWdfZKzb5a3uTq_K2Vgem2Rsc4py4JhStwlXTWYw=&c=eFe3cdS4eD6RteBp_5HtZfz8yN-1UqW63_2JOtJhWLWEPgQ6ZsHe6w==&ch=y_PTIREvFfAM_ErxgwKsh5dQfYH-Plqlr4K4RsX0CmupuUZrr37xmA==" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c5982; transition: color 0.05s linear 0s;" target="_blank">Read the full text of Executive Order Number Three.</a></li></ul><div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #191e26; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"> </div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-2107975804960058202022-01-08T22:04:00.004-05:002022-01-08T22:04:49.047-05:00Here's the God's truth - Fallows on Joe Biden on January 6 insurrection<p><b><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://fallows.substack.com/p/bidenspeechjan6?r=zv1g&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=email" target="_blank"> James Fallows analysis of Joe Biden's January 6, 2022 speech</a></span></b> about the January 7, 2021 insurrection</p>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-62400028345685340472022-01-07T21:25:00.002-05:002022-01-07T21:25:22.063-05:00Stealing Education - LaToya Baldwin Clark // UCLA L Rev.<p> </p><header class="entry-header" style="background-color: #f8f8f8; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; margin-bottom: 2.6rem; position: relative; text-align: center; z-index: 2;"><h1 class="entry-title entry-title-cover-empty" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #333333; font-family: "Source Serif Pro"; font-size: 4rem; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Stealing Education</h1><div class="entry-meta" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-top: 0.8rem;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><div class="meta-item meta-author" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #888888; display: inline-table; margin-right: 15px; vertical-align: top;">By LaToya Baldwin Clark</div> <div class="meta-item meta-category" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #888888; display: inline-table; margin-right: 15px; vertical-align: top;">In <a href="https://www.uclalawreview.org/category/print/latest/" rel="category tag" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #888888; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: border-bottom 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">Latest Issue</a>, <a href="https://www.uclalawreview.org/category/print/" rel="category tag" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #888888; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation; transition: border-bottom 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">Print</a></div><div class="meta-item meta-date" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #888888; display: inline-table; margin-right: 15px; vertical-align: top;"><span class="updated" style="box-sizing: inherit;">January 3, 2022</span></div><div class="meta-item meta-rtime" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #888888; display: inline-table; margin-right: 15px; vertical-align: top;">2 Min read</div></span></div></header><div class="entry-content clearfix" style="background-color: #f8f8f8; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; text-align: center;"><div class="page" style="box-sizing: inherit;" title="Page 1"><div class="section" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="layoutArea" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 3.6rem;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 3.6rem; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">While most state constitutions include provisions that indicate a commitment to equal access to education within one state, that commitment remains unfulfilled. This Article shines a light on a practice that has been overlooked by those concerned about school district inequality, but that contributes to this incongruity: a phenomenon I call “stealing education.” A parent “steals” education when he falsifies a child’s residence to take advantage of a school district’s schools. Stealing education also refers to the legal infrastructure that allows for criminal or civil punishment.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 3.6rem; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">In this Article, I argue that stealing education laws contribute to the apparatus of race-class opportunity hoarding, where a race-class-privileged community sequesters valuable resources to the exclusion of another race-class-subordinated community. I show how stealing education laws structure and perpetuate stratified school districts between residents and nonresidents and describe how many supporters of the laws use racist master narratives to justify the unequal distribution of rewards. The task of rationalizing the legal apparatus that denies equal educational opportunity to nonresidents is easier when supporters can appeal to “common sense” explicit racist narratives and dog whistles of inferior and undeserving Black people and Black children.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 3.6rem; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">This Article focuses on one suburban-urban school district boundary that separates a majority- White school from a majority-Black school to highlight how some supporters of this structure justify this unequal system. I show how the subordinating effects of the stealing education apparatus mirror Brown-era race and class segregation. Stealing education is a perfectly legal mechanism by which to subordinate poor Black children, their families, and their communities.</span></p></div></div></div></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-6588337482007317612022-01-07T19:11:00.000-05:002022-01-07T19:11:05.588-05:00Conservative Justices Express Hostility To Biden Administration’s Power<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/supreme-court-biden-vaccine-agency-power">Conservative Justices Express Hostility To Biden Administration’s Power</a> Talking Points Memo</b></span><div><div class="Article__Precontent js_article-precontent" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; display: flex; font-family: Roboto, "Lucida Grande", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; justify-content: space-between; margin: 32px 16px;"><div class="Article__AuthorAndDate" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;"><div class="AuthorAndDate" style="align-items: baseline; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex;"><div class="AuthorAndDate__Byline" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Oswald, Roboto, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; margin-right: 8px;">By <a class="author url fn" href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/profile/kate_riga" rel="author" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 0px none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Posts by Kate Riga">Kate Riga</a></div><div class="AuthorAndDate__Separator" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-right: 8px; transform: translateY(-1px);">|</div><div class="AuthorAndDate__Date" style="box-sizing: border-box; min-width: 40%;">January 7, 2022 3:39 p.m.</div></div></div><div class="Article__Stats" style="align-items: center; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex;"><div class="Sharebar --span-12" style="align-items: flex-start; 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background-color: transparent; border-radius: 3px; border: 2px solid rgb(195, 195, 195) !important; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(195, 195, 195) !important; display: flex; font-size: 10px; height: 24px; justify-content: center; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; width: 24px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;">120</div><div class="CommentsButton__Triangle" style="background: rgb(195, 195, 195); bottom: -10px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 10px; position: absolute; right: 3px; width: 2px;"></div></a></div></div></div></div><div class="Article__Content" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: "Noto Serif", Georgia, "Droid Serif", "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.9em; margin-left: 16px; margin-right: 16px; position: relative;"><div class="js_article-content" id="article-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">The conservative contingent of the Supreme Court questioned agencies’ ability to mandate the COVID-19 vaccine Friday, often asking why that power shouldn’t be left to Congress instead. </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">“Why doesn’t Congress have a say in this, why isn’t it the primary responsibility of the states?” Chief Justice John Roberts asked, accusing the administration of using disparate agency mandates as a “workaround” to replace congressional action.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">That positioning, made clear during oral arguments over two Biden administration vaccine mandates — one for health-care workers at facilities that get federal funding, and one vaccinate-or-test policy for large employers — formed another point of evidence for the increasingly conservative Court’s growing hostility toward executive branch authority, a shift experts have been tracking for years. </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Court watchers <a href="https://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/vaccine-mandate-supreme-court-biden-agencies" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(153, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; text-decoration-line: none;">predicted</a> that these mandate cases might provide clues about how the now-heavily conservative bench will react to the Biden administration’s attempts to enact policy through the rulemaking process.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Such antagonism towards agency power could prove paralyzing to the Biden administration, if either the current, nonfunctional Senate or a future Republican takeover of one or both chambers cuts off all ability to legislate. </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Many of the Republican appointees to the bench did in fact give voice to skepticism about agency power in general terms, while the small liberal contingent fought back. </p><div class="wp-block-tpm-separator undefined TpmSeparator" style="background: rgb(153, 0, 0); border-radius: 6px; box-sizing: border-box; height: 6px; margin: 1em auto; width: 73.7996px;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">Critics of the movement to strip agencies of their authority have called the shift blatantly undemocratic, vesting judges with decision-making power over oftentimes complex and technical problems instead of the experts that lead those departments, picked by the President who is, in turn, elected by the people. Justice Elena Kagan became their mouthpiece Friday. </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">“So who decides?” she asked. “Should it be the agency full of expert policy makers and completely politically accountable through the President?”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">“On the one hand, the agency with their political leadership can decide — on the other, courts can decide,” she continued. “Courts are not politically accountable, courts have not been elected, courts have no epidemiological expertise.” </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">“Why in the world would courts decide this question?” she asked incredulously.</p></div></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-82945231914754779672022-01-05T06:30:00.003-05:002022-01-05T06:30:47.132-05:00The Emory Law Journal Finds My Distinguished Colleague’s Words “Hurtful and Unnecessarily Divisive”<div><b><span style="font-size: medium;">The Emory Law Journal editors rightly withdrew an offensive, ill grounded and, yes, racist contribution to a "festschrift" . But "conservative" commentators declare themselves offended by political correctness.</span></b></div><a href="https://reason.com/volokh/2022/01/04/the-emory-law-journal-finds-my-distinguished-colleagues-words-hurtful-and-unnecessarily-divisive/"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">The Emory Law Journal Finds My Distinguished Colleague’s Words “Hurtful and Unnecessarily Divisive</span></b>”</a>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-1626004062774487762021-12-30T10:17:00.001-05:002021-12-30T10:17:27.709-05:00 Josh Chafetz John Roberts has strengthened GOP, weakened Conress, protected Trump<p><b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> Josh Chafetz (Georgetown) on the impact of John Roberts rulings have entrenched GOP power see (Rucho v. Common Cause - barring federal courts to partisan gerrymandering cases), Trump-protective (see immigration cases), and judicial power-enhancing (see judicial scrutiny of Congressional subpoenas).</span></b></p><p><br /></p>
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><p dir="ltr" lang="en">See also this 2015 piece (<a href="https://t.co/BqT4KePDIT">https://t.co/BqT4KePDIT</a>) on the way Roberts’s election law decisions have entrenched GOP power and this 2021 piece on how Vance/Mazars were both judiciary-empowering and Trump-protective (<a href="https://t.co/z1aD6c9871">https://t.co/z1aD6c9871</a>) <a href="https://t.co/Do2wL5xD6a">https://t.co/Do2wL5xD6a</a></p>— Josh Chafetz (@joshchafetz) <a href="https://twitter.com/joshchafetz/status/1476215661080764416?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 29, 2021</a></blockquote> <script async="" charset="utf-8" src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-87945155049242484102021-12-30T10:08:00.001-05:002021-12-30T10:08:03.078-05:00Symposium on Cass Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule’s “Law and Leviathan: Redeeming the Administrative State” Archives - Yale Journal on Regulation<a href="https://blackstonetoday.blogspot.com/2021/12/symposium-on-cass-sunstein-and-adrian.html"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><b>OTHERWISE: Symposium on Cass Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule’s “Law and Leviathan: Redeeming the Administrative State” Archives - Yale Journal on Regulation</b></span></a>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-87692665421780847202021-12-30T00:10:00.004-05:002021-12-30T00:10:42.949-05:00Proud Boys, Oathkeepers sued by D.C.'s Racine over Jan. 6 riot - The Washington Post<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/racine-jan-6-lawsuit/2021/12/14/4e581d00-5c51-11ec-bda6-25c1f558dd09_story.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Proud Boys, Oathkeepers sued by D.C.'s Racine over Jan. 6 riot - The Washington Post</span></b></a><div><div class="flex flex-column flex-ns-row justify-between-ns" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Franklin, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="flex" style="display: flex;"><div class="byline-wrapper dn flex-column flex-ns" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; max-width: 500px;"><div class="pb-xs pb-xxs flex" data-sc-c="author" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="display: flex; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 8px;"><span data-sc-c="author" data-sc-v="6.4.0"><div class="mb-xxs dib items-center" data-qa="author-byline" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="align-items: center; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0"><div class="font-xxxs dib font-xxs-ns" data-cy="name-with-optional-link" data-qa="name-with-optional-link" data-sc-c="namewithoptionallink" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem;"><span class="gray-darkest" data-qa="attribution-text" data-sc-c="namewithoptionallink" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="color: #2a2a2a;">By </span><a class="gray-darkest b bb bc-gray bt-hover" data-qa="author-name" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/devlin-barrett/" style="border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: 0px; 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border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; text-decoration-line: none;">Tom Hamburger</a></div><span class="font-xxxs gray-darkest font-xxs-ns" data-sc-c="delimiter" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 1rem;"> and<span data-sc-c="space" data-sc-v="6.4.0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="mb-xxs dib items-center" data-qa="author-byline" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="align-items: center; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0"><div class="font-xxxs dib font-xxs-ns" data-cy="name-with-optional-link" data-qa="name-with-optional-link" data-sc-c="namewithoptionallink" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem;"><a class="gray-darkest b bb bc-gray bt-hover" data-qa="author-name" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/rachel-weiner/" style="border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; text-decoration-line: none;">Rachel Weiner</a></div><span class="font-xxxs gray-darkest font-xxs-ns" data-sc-c="delimiter" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 1rem;"><span data-sc-c="space" data-sc-v="6.4.0"> </span></span></span></div></span></div><div class="mb-sm mb-md-ns gray-dark font--subhead font-xxxs" data-qa="timestamp" style="color: #666666; font-family: Franklin, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 24px;"><span class="display-date gray-dark" data-qa="display-date">December 14, 2021 at 1:00 p.m. EST</span></div></div></div><div class="mb-sm mt-0 relative undefined" data-qa="article-actions" style="margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: -9px; min-height: 40px; position: relative;"><div class="flex items-center" style="align-items: center; display: flex;"><div class="dib pointer bg-white hover-bg-gray-lighter focus-bg-gray-lighter flex items-center justify-center h-md brad-lg ml-xxs mr-xxs pl-xs pr-xs pointer transition-400 ease-in-out transition-colors relative" data-qa="gift-share" style="align-items: center; 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font-size: 16px;"><div class="teaser-content"><section><div class=""><div data-qa="drop-cap-letter"><p class="font-copy font--article-body gray-darkest ma-0 pb-md" data-el="text" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 24px;">D.C. Attorney General Karl A. Racine (D) on Tuesday sued the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers over the Jan. 6 attack on Congress, seeking to use a law written to cripple the Ku Klux Klan to seek stiff financial penalties from the far-right groups that Racine alleges were responsible for the violence.</p></div></div></section></div><div class="remainder-content" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-11017726_601="50458" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-11017726_601="1" data-gtm-vis-recent-on-screen-11017726_601="50458" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-11017726_601="100"><section><div class=""></div><div class=""><div data-qa="drop-cap-letter"><p class="font-copy font--article-body gray-darkest ma-0 pb-md" data-el="text" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 24px;">The <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/d-c-lawsuit-against-far-right-groups-over-jan-6-capitol-breach/91d07796-38cb-4683-b0fe-60f0ee212693/?itid=lk_inline_manual_4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213); color: #1955a5; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="www.washingtonpost.com">lawsuit filed in federal court in Washington</a> cites the modern version of an 1871 law known as the Ku Klux Klan Act, which was enacted after the Civil War to safeguard government officials carrying out their duties and protect civil rights. Two similar suits have been filed already this year related to Jan. 6 — one by Rep. Bennie G. Thompson (D-Miss.), chair of the House Homeland Security Committee, and another by a number of police officers who fought the rioters that day.</p></div></div><div class=""><div data-qa="drop-cap-letter"><p class="font-copy font--article-body gray-darkest ma-0 pb-md" data-el="text" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 24px;">Racine’s suit, however, is the first effort by a government agency to hold individuals and organizations civilly responsible for the violence at the U.S. Capitol on the day Congress ceremonially confirmed President Biden’s 2020 election victory.</p></div></div></section></div></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-63111888033115566732021-12-30T00:09:00.002-05:002021-12-30T00:09:21.552-05:00Proud Boys, Oathkeepers sued by D.C.'s Racine over Jan. 6 riot - The Washington Post<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/racine-jan-6-lawsuit/2021/12/14/4e581d00-5c51-11ec-bda6-25c1f558dd09_story.html"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Proud Boys, Oathkeepers sued by D.C.'s Racine over Jan. 6 riot - The Washington Post</span></b></a><div><div class="flex flex-column flex-ns-row justify-between-ns" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Franklin, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; justify-content: space-between;"><div class="flex" style="display: flex;"><div class="byline-wrapper dn flex-column flex-ns" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; max-width: 500px;"><div class="pb-xs pb-xxs flex" data-sc-c="author" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="display: flex; max-width: 500px; padding-bottom: 8px;"><span data-sc-c="author" data-sc-v="6.4.0"><div class="mb-xxs dib items-center" data-qa="author-byline" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="align-items: center; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0"><div class="font-xxxs dib font-xxs-ns" data-cy="name-with-optional-link" data-qa="name-with-optional-link" data-sc-c="namewithoptionallink" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem;"><span class="gray-darkest" data-qa="attribution-text" data-sc-c="namewithoptionallink" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="color: #2a2a2a;">By </span><a class="gray-darkest b bb bc-gray bt-hover" data-qa="author-name" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/devlin-barrett/" style="border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; text-decoration-line: none;">Devlin Barrett</a></div><span class="font-xxxs gray-darkest font-xxs-ns" data-sc-c="delimiter" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 1rem;">,<span data-sc-c="space" data-sc-v="6.4.0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="mb-xxs dib items-center" data-qa="author-byline" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="align-items: center; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0"><div class="font-xxxs dib font-xxs-ns" data-cy="name-with-optional-link" data-qa="name-with-optional-link" data-sc-c="namewithoptionallink" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem;"><a class="gray-darkest b bb bc-gray bt-hover" data-qa="author-name" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/tom-hamburger/" style="border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; text-decoration-line: none;">Tom Hamburger</a></div><span class="font-xxxs gray-darkest font-xxs-ns" data-sc-c="delimiter" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 1rem;"> and<span data-sc-c="space" data-sc-v="6.4.0"> </span></span></span></div><div class="mb-xxs dib items-center" data-qa="author-byline" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="align-items: center; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="" data-sc-c="authors" data-sc-v="6.4.0"><div class="font-xxxs dib font-xxs-ns" data-cy="name-with-optional-link" data-qa="name-with-optional-link" data-sc-c="namewithoptionallink" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="display: inline-block; font-size: 1rem;"><a class="gray-darkest b bb bc-gray bt-hover" data-qa="author-name" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/rachel-weiner/" style="border-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-style: initial; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #2a2a2a; text-decoration-line: none;">Rachel Weiner</a></div><span class="font-xxxs gray-darkest font-xxs-ns" data-sc-c="delimiter" data-sc-v="6.4.0" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 1rem;"><span data-sc-c="space" data-sc-v="6.4.0"> </span></span></span></div></span></div><div class="mb-sm mb-md-ns gray-dark font--subhead font-xxxs" data-qa="timestamp" style="color: #666666; font-family: Franklin, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.25; margin-bottom: 24px;"><span class="display-date gray-dark" data-qa="display-date">December 14, 2021 at 1:00 p.m. EST</span></div></div></div><div class="mb-sm mt-0 relative undefined" data-qa="article-actions" style="margin-bottom: 16px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: -9px; min-height: 40px; position: relative;"><div class="flex items-center" style="align-items: center; display: flex;"><div class="dib pointer bg-white hover-bg-gray-lighter focus-bg-gray-lighter flex items-center justify-center h-md brad-lg ml-xxs mr-xxs pl-xs pr-xs pointer transition-400 ease-in-out transition-colors relative" data-qa="gift-share" style="align-items: center; 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font-size: 16px;"><div class="teaser-content"><section><div class=""><div data-qa="drop-cap-letter"><p class="font-copy font--article-body gray-darkest ma-0 pb-md" data-el="text" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 24px;">D.C. Attorney General Karl A. Racine (D) on Tuesday sued the Proud Boys and Oath Keepers over the Jan. 6 attack on Congress, seeking to use a law written to cripple the Ku Klux Klan to seek stiff financial penalties from the far-right groups that Racine alleges were responsible for the violence.</p></div></div></section></div><div class="remainder-content" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-11017726_601="50458" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-11017726_601="1" data-gtm-vis-recent-on-screen-11017726_601="50458" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-11017726_601="100"><section><div class=""></div><div class=""><div data-qa="drop-cap-letter"><p class="font-copy font--article-body gray-darkest ma-0 pb-md" data-el="text" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 24px;">The <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/d-c-lawsuit-against-far-right-groups-over-jan-6-capitol-breach/91d07796-38cb-4683-b0fe-60f0ee212693/?itid=lk_inline_manual_4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213); color: #1955a5; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="www.washingtonpost.com">lawsuit filed in federal court in Washington</a> cites the modern version of an 1871 law known as the Ku Klux Klan Act, which was enacted after the Civil War to safeguard government officials carrying out their duties and protect civil rights. Two similar suits have been filed already this year related to Jan. 6 — one by Rep. Bennie G. Thompson (D-Miss.), chair of the House Homeland Security Committee, and another by a number of police officers who fought the rioters that day.</p></div></div><div class=""><div data-qa="drop-cap-letter"><p class="font-copy font--article-body gray-darkest ma-0 pb-md" data-el="text" style="color: #2a2a2a; font-family: georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 24px;">Racine’s suit, however, is the first effort by a government agency to hold individuals and organizations civilly responsible for the violence at the U.S. Capitol on the day Congress ceremonially confirmed President Biden’s 2020 election victory.</p></div></div></section></div></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-651039363134027412021-12-27T23:00:00.002-05:002021-12-27T23:00:10.835-05:00Ninth Circuit judge questions fairness of $9 million for privacy groups in Google Street View settlement | Courthouse News Service<a href="https://www.courthousenews.com/ninth-circuit-judge-questions-fairness-of-9-million-for-privacy-groups-in-google-street-view-settlement/"><b>Ninth Circuit judge questions fairness of $9 million for privacy groups in Google Street View settlement | Courthouse News Service</b></a><div><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #353538; font-family: Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 11px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">SAN FRANCISCO (CN) — After ordering Google to pay privacy rights groups $9 million from a $13 million settlement over data collected by its Street View cars, a Ninth Circuit judge said her colleagues should rethink the practice of distributing the fruits of hard-fought class actions to charitable organizations and nonprofits in place of direct payments to class members.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #353538; font-family: Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 11px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">U.S. Circuit Judge Bridget Bade, a Donald Trump appointee, wrote there is an “increasing skepticism” over whether injured class members actually benefit from seeing their settlement money go to third parties, especially when they may not have even heard of the organization.</p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #353538; font-family: Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; margin: 0px 0px 11px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">This type of settlement is known as <em style="background: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-size-adjust: 100%; vertical-align: baseline;">cy pres</em>, a French legal term meaning “as near as possible,” and is typically adopted when it is impractical to distribute money to a class.</p></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-5624300212403846212021-12-16T11:37:00.004-05:002021-12-16T11:37:46.983-05:00LSN: Harvard Law School, Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series, Vol. 23 No. 4, 12/16/2021 - gconk@fordham.edu - Fordham University Mail<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_papers.cfm-3Fabstract-5Fid-3D3921575-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fabstractlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DhLjevUhENUxd44dCgEFgSUhpFppiEiJ0tu-6LBwL30Q%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627866000&usg=AOvVaw0d80EJ5U-4_cRrT2_Q6gn9" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_papers.cfm-3Fabstract-5Fid-3D3921575-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fabstractlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=hLjevUhENUxd44dCgEFgSUhpFppiEiJ0tu-6LBwL30Q&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Constitutional Hardball"</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><img alt="Free Download" class="CToWUd" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEiXnN2qtShma3nEjQu_CwJExFS8C79Cj4ky2XGmxIjSdUyRliNpT8lrkrKWvn3T5WI_5fi16PLtae8xOWAaGEEgTPVrr0I1F-VARVk0EiCoS3q-MLnwcQEOfI2TDHORbXtaL_MPoTigRO-hF6ZV8HSa=s0-d-e1-ft" style="color: #222222;" /></span><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Forthcoming, Cambridge Handbook of ConstitutionalThoery (J. King & R.Bellamy eds.)<br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D221448-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DFxQt_Q-qixeG_T2vWQeuhclbfvRrLgTFUzgloX-XKro%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627866000&usg=AOvVaw0pi5vMKE9kWRCy5cLBoYU4" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D221448-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=FxQt_Q-qixeG_T2vWQeuhclbfvRrLgTFUzgloX-XKro&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Harvard Public Law Working Paper No. 21-37</a></span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D171189-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DoJUnxHB-Da1ypSJtDsq1ONy1gZzZCCwwHdeBPa-EcUE%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627866000&usg=AOvVaw0epXF7a-NpWY96n3Q6rhGx" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D171189-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=oJUnxHB-Da1ypSJtDsq1ONy1gZzZCCwwHdeBPa-EcUE&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">MARK TUSHNET</a>, Harvard Law School<br />Email: <a href="mailto:mtushnet@law.harvard.edu" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">mtushnet@law.harvard.edu</a><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">After defining the term constitutional hardball and examining how political actors defend specific examples of constitutional hardball, this Chapter examines why political actors engage in hardball, focusing first on their short-term political motivations and then turning to the function of constitutional hardball within reasonably well-functioning constitutional democracies. After examining how political actors defend hardball practices, it offers a “regime-centered” analysis, arguing that constitutional hardball is a signal of proposed or impending constitutional change, and the change might be for the better rather than for the worse. The Chapter ends with a discussion of what might be done to convert constitutional hardball into ordinary political maneuvering, concluding that such efforts are unlikely to succeed and might be inappropriate (though not illiberal) efforts to halt more or less ordinary transformations in political practices</span></p></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-51237747209875423332021-12-16T11:35:00.004-05:002021-12-16T11:35:48.749-05:00LSN: Harvard Law School, Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series, Vol. 23 No. 4, 12/16/2021 - gconk@fordham.edu - Fordham University Mail<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_papers.cfm-3Fabstract-5Fid-3D3954321-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fabstractlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DVRYPj5WdOIvcs-iIpBX9QvqJm7YyKlO7mVJ46homsgo%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627868000&usg=AOvVaw11YLy46jWwVCePcO0HpqMe" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_papers.cfm-3Fabstract-5Fid-3D3954321-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fabstractlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=VRYPj5WdOIvcs-iIpBX9QvqJm7YyKlO7mVJ46homsgo&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">The Unable or Unwilling Doctrine: A View From Private Law"</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span><img alt="Free Download" class="CToWUd" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEiXnN2qtShma3nEjQu_CwJExFS8C79Cj4ky2XGmxIjSdUyRliNpT8lrkrKWvn3T5WI_5fi16PLtae8xOWAaGEEgTPVrr0I1F-VARVk0EiCoS3q-MLnwcQEOfI2TDHORbXtaL_MPoTigRO-hF6ZV8HSa=s0-d-e1-ft" style="color: #222222;" /></span><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D268688-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3D2uwJXz5ArOM19vrQqw2w6b9rUuj-xH4PbWw0Em9Nr4o%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627868000&usg=AOvVaw09hjvtfyiz6yB_zCjyFlkZ" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D268688-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=2uwJXz5ArOM19vrQqw2w6b9rUuj-xH4PbWw0Em9Nr4o&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Harvard International Law Journal, Forthcoming</a><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D221448-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DFxQt_Q-qixeG_T2vWQeuhclbfvRrLgTFUzgloX-XKro%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627868000&usg=AOvVaw0Rg5NZOFD6ieoxntBvJAyv" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D221448-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=FxQt_Q-qixeG_T2vWQeuhclbfvRrLgTFUzgloX-XKro&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Harvard Public Law Working Paper No. 21-47</a></span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D117913-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DrWtGKpXkKBKWbQLTKAXssHsUDFsZeeDOK6ZK3mZrDmU%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627868000&usg=AOvVaw0U-eL_4JacKF6XWW_iv3XG" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D117913-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=rWtGKpXkKBKWbQLTKAXssHsUDFsZeeDOK6ZK3mZrDmU&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">GABRIELLA BLUM</a>, Harvard Law School<br />Email: <a href="mailto:gblum@law.harvard.edu" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">gblum@law.harvard.edu</a><br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D84175-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DPHyfNeA_859i9KvoBuQp6QkV36HP2LyhH0rmZT38wJo%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627868000&usg=AOvVaw0QpO-HZ30bAUQ6hSSjENHJ" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D84175-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=PHyfNeA_859i9KvoBuQp6QkV36HP2LyhH0rmZT38wJo&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">JOHN C. P. GOLDBERG</a>, Harvard Law School<br />Email: <a href="mailto:jgoldberg@law.harvard.edu" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">jgoldberg@law.harvard.edu</a><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">May a threatened state use force against armed nonstate actors situated in another state? Proponents of the “Unable or Unwilling Doctrine” (UUD) answer in the affirmative, provided that the territorial state in which the nonstate actors are based is either unable or unwilling to tackle the threat by itself. Opponents reject the UUD, arguing that it has no place within existing international law.<br /><br />The intense, multi-layered debates over the UUD have thus far been grounded primarily in the international law of self-defense. Moreover, both proponents and opponents of the doctrine have tended to treat its two prongs as interchangeable, such that the legality of a use of force or the consequences that follow from it are unaffected by which of the two explains the territorial state’s failure to negate the threat to the targeted state. This article challenges both of these features of UUD analysis.<br /><br />Our first contention is that, while states enjoy limited leeway to use defensive force against nonstate actors in another state’s territory, the prerogative to enter the territorial state without other authorization is rooted in principles of necessity, not self-defense. In turn—and here we reach our second main contention—grounding the UUD in necessity suggests that, for cases in which the territorial state is unable, rather than unwilling, to deal with the threat, the threatened state is obligated to compensate the territorial state for its unpermitted entry, as well as for any resulting personal injury or property damage (other than harm to legitimate targets). Our third contribution is to explain why compensation might be owed, as a matter of equity, even in circumstances in which a state can claim, reasonably, that it bears no international legal responsibility.<br /><br />All of these claims, we contend, are bolstered by interpreting international law through the lens of private law, particularly the Anglo-American law of tort and restitution and its rules for the imposition of liability in cases of “private necessity.”</span></p></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-89714613998121951112021-12-16T11:32:00.003-05:002021-12-16T11:32:19.556-05:00LSN: Harvard Law School, Public Law & Legal Theory Research Paper Series, Vol. 23 No. 4, 12/16/2021 - gconk@fordham.edu - Fordham University Mail<div><p style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a 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href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_papers.cfm-3Fabstract-5Fid-3D3919059-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fabstractlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=KrNzMbWrFjIdNukerK_nU_AoTrfLHbn1bprY6OjLeM0&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">What's the Harm of Trademark Infringement?"</a> <img alt="Free Download" class="CToWUd" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEiXnN2qtShma3nEjQu_CwJExFS8C79Cj4ky2XGmxIjSdUyRliNpT8lrkrKWvn3T5WI_5fi16PLtae8xOWAaGEEgTPVrr0I1F-VARVk0EiCoS3q-MLnwcQEOfI2TDHORbXtaL_MPoTigRO-hF6ZV8HSa=s0-d-e1-ft" /><br /><a 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data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D221448-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DFxQt_Q-qixeG_T2vWQeuhclbfvRrLgTFUzgloX-XKro%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627867000&usg=AOvVaw0fEq7vbgqWOLfqu2wFmERv" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_PIP-5FJournal.cfm-3Fpip-5Fjrnl-3D221448-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fpipjournallink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=FxQt_Q-qixeG_T2vWQeuhclbfvRrLgTFUzgloX-XKro&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">Harvard Public Law Working Paper No. 21-41</a></span></p><div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u%3Dhttps-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D333387-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815%26d%3DDwMFaQ%26c%3DaqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM%26r%3D_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4%26m%3D24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8%26s%3DB4oklycsu7mb1KeEQOf_JpzuuvsUbLQO9TmQznCt_y8%26e%3D&source=gmail&ust=1639757627867000&usg=AOvVaw1K-bwkhUfnfiZ3E9tdy6Go" href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__hq.ssrn.com_Journals_RedirectClick.cfm-3Furl-3Dhttps-3A__papers.ssrn.com_sol3_cf-5Fdev_AbsByAuth.cfm-3Fper-5Fid-3D333387-3A-3Adgcid-3Dejournal-5Fhtmlemail-5Fharvard-3Alaw-3Aschool-2C-3Apublic-3Alaw-3Alegal-3Atheory-3Aresearch-3Apaper-3Aseries-5Fauthorlink-26partid-3D457563-26did-3D574929-26eid-3D471815&d=DwMFaQ&c=aqMfXOEvEJQh2iQMCb7Wy8l0sPnURkcqADc2guUW8IM&r=_Va583FARHOYwZQIwz1AMhgQx-YEehDlavS_vvkFsj4&m=24UyqI1WqCBz4kZbmlK1Y9fzHPmqvCnVcDz_VRJbvz28icwmeAt1zW6nFT6awGK8&s=B4oklycsu7mb1KeEQOf_JpzuuvsUbLQO9TmQznCt_y8&e=" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">REBECCA TUSHNET</a>, Harvard Law School<br />Email: <a href="mailto:rtushnet@law.harvard.edu" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">rtushnet@law.harvard.edu</a><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: georgia;">This Article explores the classic harm theories of trademark infringement that don't involve sales substitution and argues that courts should recognize their empirical weakness. Despite the expansion of infringement liability based on new theories of such harm, questions about what constitutes trademark harm are now being reexamined at the remedy stage. These changes are positive to the extent that they make courts rethink overly expansive models of trademark confusion.</span></p></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1017395130629842149.post-25256285841531537142021-12-07T21:40:00.004-05:002021-12-07T21:40:52.987-05:00Congress's Article III Power and the Process of Constitutional Change by Christopher Jon Sprigman :: SSRN<a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3669954"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Congress's Article III Power and the Process of Constitutional Change by Christopher Jon Sprigman :: SSRN</span></b></a><div><br /></div><div><div class="authors authors-full-width" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: NexusSansWebPro; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%;"><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 24px; margin: 14px 0px 0px;"><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=370802" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #0076d4; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="View other papers by this author">Christopher Jon Sprigman</a></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">New York University School of Law; New York University (NYU) - Engelberg Center on Innovation Law & Policy</p></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: NexusSansWebPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Date Written: August 8, 2020</p><div class="abstract-text" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: NexusSansWebPro; font-size: 16px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 20px; text-decoration-line: underline;">Abstract</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Text in Article III of the U.S. Constitution appears to give to Congress authority to make incursions into judicial supremacy, by restricting (or, less neutrally, “stripping”) the jurisdiction of federal courts. Article III gives Congress authority to make “exceptions” to the Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction. Article III also gives Congress discretion whether to “ordain and establish” lower federal courts. Congress’s power to create or abolish these courts would seem to include the power to create them but to limit their jurisdiction, and that has how the power has historically been understood.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Is Congress’s power to remove the jurisdiction of federal courts in effect a legislative power to choose the occasions on which federal courts may, and may not, have the final word on the meaning of the Constitution? That is a question on which Supreme Court has never spoken definitively.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />In this Article, I argue that Congress’s Article III power can be understood as a means by which Congress may change the Constitution without amending it. I argue, further, that we should welcome it as such. Working through the ordinary legislative process, Congress may remove the jurisdiction of federal courts to hear cases involving most questions of federal law, including cases that raise questions under the federal Constitution. To be clear, I am not arguing that the Constitution unambiguously establishes this congressional power. As on so many important issues, the Constitution is indeterminate: Article III provides a textual foundation for the power, and neither history nor precedent rule it out. In this matter, however, what Congress does is more important than anything the Constitution says. The Constitution’s indeterminacy opens a space for Congress to reclaim authority, in particular cases, over constitutional interpretation. If a determined Congress acts to fill that space, courts will have little power to resist. Correction, if it comes at all, will come from voters.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Understood this way, the implications of Congress’s Article III power are potentially transformative. Congress may prescribe, by ordinary legislation, constitutional rules in areas where the meaning of the Constitution is unsettled. Or it may displace otherwise settled constitutional rules by ordinary legislation. In either case, Congress may remove the jurisdiction of federal courts to hear constitutional challenges to its interventions. And Congress may do the same with respect to state courts.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />To be clear, Article III does not permit Congress to escape accountability. Rather, Article III gives to Congress the power to choose whether it must answer, in a particular instance, to judges or to voters. In the push-and-pull between judicially-enforced constitutional rules and the desires of current democratic majorities, the potential for Congress’s exercise of its Article III power helps legitimate both constitutionalism and judicial review.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"></p></div><center style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: NexusSansWebPro; font-size: 16px;"></center><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: NexusSansWebPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Keywords:</span> constitutional law, constitutionalism, democracy, judicial review, federal courts</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: NexusSansWebPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span class="hidden-xs hidden-sm" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Suggested Citation:</span></p><div class="suggested-citation" id="selectable" style="border: 1px solid rgb(80, 80, 80); box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050; font-family: NexusSansWebPro; font-size: 16px; line-height: 19px; margin: 15px 0px 25px; padding: 18px 54px 22px 20px; position: relative;">Sprigman, Christopher Jon, Congress's Article III Power and the Process of Constitutional Change (August 8, 2020). New York University Law Review, Vol. 95, No. 6, 2020, Available at SSRN: <a href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=3669954" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #505050;" target="_blank">https://ssrn.com/abstract=3669954</a></div></div>GeorgeConkhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00232093284837291838noreply@blogger.com0