Syllabus - Remedies - Spring 2025

 Remedies - Tuesdays and Thursdays - 2:00 - 3:25 Room 3-09

Prof. George W. Conk, Senior Fellow, Stein Ctr. for Law & Ethics
gconk@fordham.edu
Office 8-108
Office hours by appointment in person or Zoom

You have free access to this ebook 
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 - Russell L. Weaver and Michael B. Kelly

4th Edition - West Academic ISBN: 978-1-6408-408-0

What is law?

Benjamin Cardozo in The Nature of the Judicial Process :

A judge “legislates only between gaps. He fills the open spaces in the law. . . [R]estrictions . . . are established by the traditions of the centuries, by the example of other judges, his predecessors, and his colleagues, by the collective judgment of the profession, and by the duty of adherence to the pervading spirit of the law.”

Article III, Constitution of the United States

Section 2

The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;—between a State and Citizens of another State;—between Citizens of different States;—between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

Week 1

Thursday, January 16

Read PRINCIPLES - Chapter 1 - Overview - Introduction (pages 1-5)

Opening lecture


WEEK 2

Tuesday, January 21, 2025

    Constitution of the United States of America

    ARTICLE II, Section 3

    [The President] shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.

    Section 1 Function and Selection

    • Clause 8 Presidential Oath of Office
    • Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:– I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.

 SLIDES - OVERVIEW

What would Alexander Hamilton say to John Roberts about Trump v. U.S. -  the majority ruling that even a former  President is in some respects absolutely immune from prosecution?  Would Justice Cardozo find that to be an appropriate example of "adherence to the pervading spirit of the law"?

Alexander HamiltonFederalist No. 69

The President of the United States would be liable to be impeached, tried, and, upon conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors, removed from office; and would afterwards be liable to prosecution and punishment in the ordinary course of law. The person of the king of Great Britain is sacred and inviolable; there is no constitutional tribunal to which he is amenable; no punishment to which he can be subjected without involving the crisis of a national revolution. 

John Roberts, C.J., Trump v. United States (2024) 

We conclude that under our constitutional structure of separated powers, the nature of Presidential power requires that a former President have some immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts during his tenure in office. At least with respect to the President’s exercise of his core constitutional powers, this immunity must be absolute. As for his remaining official actions, he is also entitled to immunity. At the current stage of proceedings in this case, however, we need not and do not decide whether that immunity must be absolute, or instead whether a presumptive immunity is sufficient.  

Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor, with whom Justice Kagan and Justice Jackson join, dissenting in Trump v. U.S. :

Today's decision to grant former Presidents criminal immunity reshapes the institution of the Presidency. It makes a mockery of the principle, foundational to our Constitution and system of Government, that no man is above the law. Relying on little more than its own misguided wisdom about the need for “bold and unhesitating action” by the President, ante, **, the Court gives former President Trump all the immunity he asked for and more. Because our Constitution does not shield a former President from answering for criminal and treasonous acts, I dissent.

 

Associate Ketanji Brown Jackson dissenting in Trump v. U.S.A.:

"To say that someone is im mune from criminal prosecution is to say that, like a King, he “is not under the coercive power of the law,” which “will not suppose him capable of committing a folly, much less a crime.” 4 Blackstone *33. Thus, being immune is not like having a defense under the law. Rather, it means that the law does not apply to the immunized person in the frst place. Conferring immunity therefore “create[s] a privileged class free from liability for wrongs inficted or injuries threat ened.” Hopkins, 221 U. S., at 643." 

***

The boldness of the majority opinion may be seen in two amicus briefs filed in the Supreme Court. See the Docket of Case # 23-939 Trump v. United States of America

The first  brief- by former Senator John Danforth, former 9th Circuit Judge J. Michael Luttig, et alii argues: A PRESIDENT WHO VIOLATES FEDERAL CRIMINAL STATUTES TO TRY TO STAY BEYOND HIS TERM IS ATTEMPTING TO VIOLATE THE EXECUTIVE VESTING CLAUSE AND THE TWENTIETH AMENDMENT.

A second brief on behalf of Retired Four Star Generals and Admirals  , and Former Secretaries of the U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force argues:  I Petitioner’s claimed immunity would undermine our nation’s foundational commitment to civilian control of the military  II. Petitioner’s claimed immunity wouldundermine the military’s adherence to the rule of law and thus its orderly functioning and public trust   III. Petitioner’s claimed immunity, by implicating the peaceful transition of power in particular, threatens national security.

Joe Biden, January 15, 2025:

“We need to amend the Constitution to make clear that no president, no president is immune from crimes that he or she commits while in office”.  

Special Counsel Jack Smith has filed his final report. He concludes:

"As set forth in the original and superseding indictments, when it became clear that Mr. Trump had lost the election and that lawful means of challenging the election results had failed, he resorted to a series of criminal efforts to retain power. "


 

Transcript - Trump sentencing hearing - NY -  January 10, 2025

 Judge Merchan entered judgment on the verdict of a New York Supreme Court jury which pronounced the President-elect guilty of 51 counts of falsifying business records.

Tuesday, February 4, 2025

 ****

Read PRINCIPLES Chapter 2 - Equity and Equitable Remedies (pages 7-15) SLIDES - intro to equity

The Law Courts and the Chancery Courts –  

 

How  should Judges decide: Precedent, Equity, and the Common law; the Common Good and the public interest.


Arc of Justice? Magna Carta to 1868.

Bill of Rights - 1689

Is any element of the 1689 Bill of Rights relevant to an assessment of the wave of Trump Executive Orders, and the turmoil at Department of Justice and U.S. AID - the Agency for International Development?

Justice vs. Positive Law

 Somerset’s case – speech of Lord  Mansfield at 510

Fugitive Slave Clause – 1789

Prigg v. Pennsylvania, 41 U.S. 539 (1842)

"The clause in the Constitution of the United States, relating to fugitives from labour, manifestly contemplates the existence of a positive, unqualified right, on the part of the owner of the slave, which no state law or regulation can in any way qualify, regulate, control, or restrain."

"13th Amendment

Slidesmagna carta to Emancipation in the U.S.

Resource page – Slavery, Natural law, and positive law

 

 Tuesday, February 11, 2025

 The Administrative State Under Siege?

*SLIDES - Review under the Administrative Procedure Act

W.E.B DuBois – The Freedmen’s Bureau – The Atlantic, 1901 

* Judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act

[N.B.: 5 USC 552, 553, 702-706, 802]

SLIDES - Quis custodiet custodes? Who watches the watchmen?

SLIDES Dellinger, Special Counsel  v. Bessent, Sec'y of commerce

NPC Observer - blog 

George Conk gconk@law.fordham.edu

Wed, Feb 12, 7:17 PM (21 hours ago)
to PaulAveryMichlyneMichaelKarenMatthewAndrewSamRachelAveryEmmaDaniellaHannahJohnSarahBenjaminJackBenjaminCaitlinLyvia, bcc: me
[see excerpts below, or full text at the link above]

Has C.J. Roberts majority opinion in Seila Law v. CFPB snuffed out any chance of restraining the Elon Musk-led newly declared "Department of Government Efficiency"?  Is the new Executive Order's plan to cut the size of the federal government a way to obstruct  the intent of Congress? Or does the goal of efficiency justify the cost-cutting measures?
SLIDES - Dellinger v. Bessent

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 706 - Scope of Review
In the case of review of any action of the Administrator to which this subsection applies, the court may reverse any such action found to be—
(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law;
(B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity;
(C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right; or
(D) without observance of procedure required by law, if (i) such failure to observe such procedure is arbitrary or capricious


  New York State, et al. v. Trump, et al. Decided: January 31, 2025 DRI - John J. McConnell, J.R., C.J., DRI
  This action seeks declaratory and injunctive relief and vacatur under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”) with respect to the Office of Management and Budget’s January 27, 2025, Directive for Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies (M-25-13), with the subject, “Temporary Pause of Agency Grant, Loan, and Other Financial Assistance Programs”   

TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER

The legal standard for a Temporary Restraining Order (“TRO”) mirrors that of a preliminary injunction. The Plaintiff States must show that weighing these four factors favors granting a TRO:

  • 1. likelihood of success on the merits;
  • 2. potential for irreparable injury;
  • 3. balance of the relevant equities; and
  • 4. effect on the public interest if the Court grants or denies the TRO.

State of NY v. Trump docket 

United States v. Adams - DOCKET

The Trump Executive Orders - Radical Constitutionalism? 

- By Bob Bauer and Jack Goldsmith

Executive Office of the President - Office of Management and Budget M-25-13 January 27, 2025

* Vermeule & Sunstein: The Structure of the Modern State is Under Attack  NY Times 2020

*FCC v. Consumer Research: Scotusblog - Supreme Court agrees to review FCC subsidies under non-delegation doctrine -

*Public Citizen - amicus brief

 SCOTUS Docket for FCC v. Consumer Research

Opinion below - 5th Circuit holds that in the the Telecommunications Act of 1996 Congress delegation to FCC of power to assess fees to establish universal phone service is an unconstitutional tax which violates * Article 1, S. 1 of the Constitution  by the delegation to private carriers and the FCC the Universal Service Fund fee added to cell phone bills


BACKGROUND:

Review: Sunstein and Vermeule - Law & Leviathan

EXECUTIVE ORDERS and other PRESIDENTIAL ACTIONS

Over a dozen DOJ Prosecutors discharged 

Ending wasteful DEI Programs

Deep background:

Context - Congressional Research Service –

`Major Questions Doctrine [April 2022]

 The Major Questions Doctrine (November 2022)  

The Major Questions Quartet – Mila Sohoni, 136 Harvard L. Rev. 262

 

Tuesday, February 18

The death of Chevron deference – is it a harpoon in the heart of the administrative state? 

*SLIDES APA Review, Spring 2025

*Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. NRDC, 467 U.S. 837 (1984)

Congressional Research Service  *Judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act

David French: *Overturning Chevron will Rebalance the Constitutional Order

 

NRDC:* TheSupreme Court Ends Chevron Deference: What Now?

Loper Bright v. Raimondo [*read Syllabus, Kagan dissent]

*Josh Chafetz – Congress in a post-Chevron world - TESTIMONY

*Adrian Vermeule - LoperBright Delegation Replaces Chevron Delegation

 Background - Loper Bright Amicus briefs

Amicus Brief -Natural Resources Defense Council - in support of respondents

Professor Thomas Merrill - amicus brief in support of neither party

AFL-CIO - Amicus Brief

 

Senator Ted Cruz, Speaker Mike Johnson and 34 other M.C.'s in support of petitioners - Amicus Brief

 

Thursday, February 20, 2025

The New Abortion Battleground-After the death of Roe v. Wade

SLIDES - abortion rights

-Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health 19-1392 [2022]

Texas judge enjoins and fines NY doctor $100K for providing abortion pills to Texas woman - February 13, 2015

Dr. Karen Carpenter also indicted in Louisiana.

Is this what leaving it up to the states means?

Gov. Kathy Hochul says she will not allow Dr. Carpenter to be extradited.  Does NY have that right?


Office of Legal Counsel – *The Comstock Act – Application to Mailing of Prescription Abortifacient Drugs

*Republican Legislators Reply to OLC, January 2023

Vermeule and Casey – *Comstock Act Bars Mailing of Mifepristone (blogpost)

 Laurence Tribe: *Where Freedom Ends (blogpost)

 

 


Tuesday, February 25 

Declaratory Judgment Actions

Weaver, Remedies Law, Chapter 8, pp. 157-164

NY CPLR  3001 Declaratory Judgments

Uniform Declaratory Judgment Act

SLIDES


Thursday, February 27

Restitution and Unjust Enrichment 

Read: Weaver, Principles - Ch. 7 Restitution, pp 133-155

General principles, defenses, measuring the enrichment, Special Restitutionary Remedies–Constructive trusts, equitable liens, subrogation, and statutory liens.

SLIDES - Part 1 - Restitution

 SLIDES - Part 2 - Special Resitutionary Remedies

Restitution - read Weaver - Ch. 7, pp. 133-155

 


Tuesday March 4 and Thursday March 6

 ENFORCEMENT OF EQUITABLE REMEDIES

 Read  Weaver, Principles - Chapter 3 - Contempt

Enforcement of Equitable Remedies: Civil and criminal contempt of court; jury trial, procedural requirements, collateral challenges to injunctions

SLIDES - Contempt - part 1

Thursday, March 5, 2025

SLIDES - 1963

SLIDES - Duty to Obey - Collateral Bar

 Walker v. Birmingham, 388 U.S. 307 (1967)

[Syllabus and Warren dissent)

The ex parte TRO

A criminal defendant can assert the unconstitutionality of the law under which he/she is charged.

But one charged with criminal contempt cannot raise that defense in a criminal contempt proceeding.  He/she must obey the order, challenge the constitutionality of the the injunction in the court which issued the order - and appeal that denial.

Does the collateral bar rule protect people from abusive use of injunctions? 

Is it needed to preserve order?

Were Martin Luther King, and Rev. Wyatt T. Walker justly jailed for contempt of the Alabama court's injunction?  If not - why not?


Background/ Context:

Alabama 1963 - TV news report

 Watch M.L. King, Jr. on Meet the Press (1965) discussing civil disobedience 

Congressional Research Service - Congressional Contempt Power (2017)


Video: Segregation at all costs - Bull Connor and Birmingham, AL

Nina Simone - Mississippi Goddam

M.L. King Letter from a Birmingham Jail

*NPR  50 years after Letter from a Birmingham Jail  

 

Tuesday March 11

Weaver Chapter 4 -Injunctions and Declaratory Judgments; standards for issuance, Persons bound, Notice, Temporary Restraining Orders, Preliminary Injunctions, Bonds.

SLIDES - Injunctions Part 1

SLIDES - DECLARATORY JUDGMENT

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 65

 In Re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895)

Norris LaGuardia Act [1932]

Blogpost: thoughts after classroom discussion of Debs

 

Thursday, March 13

SLIDES - INJUNCTIONS part II

Injunctions – abuses and limits

The Pullman Strike – Melvin Urofsky - Brittanica

AFL-CIO - Biden is first President to walk a strike picket line


National Labor Relations Act, 9 USC 151, et seq.

U.S.A. v. PATCO 524 F. Supp 160 (1981), 678 F. 2d 1 (1982) - 1st Circuit

U.S. v. United Mineworkers, 330 U.S. 258 (1947)

 Neither the Norris-LaGuardia Act, 47 Stat. 70, nor § 20 of the Clayton Act, 38 Stat. 738, deprives a federal district court of jurisdiction to issue a restraining order and preliminary injunction in a suit by the Government to prevent a union and its officers from precipitating a nationwide strike in the bituminous coal mines pending judicial interpretation of a labor contract between the Government and the union, at a time when the mines are being operated by the Government during a national emergency pursuant to an executive order issued by the President under his constitutional authority as President and as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy and authority conferred upon him by the War Labor Disputes Act, 57 Stat. 163.

Are we in such a moment because the President has declared a "national energy emergency"? What does such an emergency allow?


AIDS Vaccine Advocacy v. U.S. Department of State - D.D.C. Civ Action NO. 25-00400

The national injunctions debate

Multiple Chancellors: Reforming the National Injunction

66 Pages Posted: 5 Nov 2016 Last revised: 10 Dec 2017 

Samuel L. Bray

  IN DEFENSE OF NATIONWIDE INJUNCTIONS

November, 2018 93 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 1067 *

 Amanda Frost*ARTICLE: IN DEFENSE OF NATIONWIDE INJUNCTIONS


  SPRING BREAK MARCH 17 – 21


Tuesday March 25 and Thursday March 27 

Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address - 1865

160 years after the defeat of the Confederate States of America, and passage of the 13th Amendment, and 60 years after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 should consideration of race end?  Or not? 

SLIDES - Something's happening here - Proclamation re Venezuelans, and Attacks on Universities

Background on discrimination by colleges and universities

Justice William Brennan wrote in the Bakke case: "our review under the Fourteenth Amendment should be strict—not ‘strict in theory and fatal in fact,’ because it is stigma that causes fatality—but strict and searching nonetheless".

Sandra Day O'Connor for the majority in Grutter v.  Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 [2003]

I believe that the Law School's program fails strict scrutiny because it is devoid of any reasonably precise time limit on the Law School's use of race in admissions. We have emphasized that we will consider "the planned duration of the remedy" in determining whether a race-conscious program is constitutional. Fullilove, 448 U. S., at 510 (Powell, J., concurring)

[T]he [University of Michigan] Law School defines its critical mass concept by reference to the substantial, important, and laudable educational benefits that diversity is designed to produce, including cross-racial understanding and the breaking down of racial stereotypes. The Law School's claim is further bolstered by numerous expert studies and reports showing that such diversity promotes learning outcomes and better prepares students for an increasingly diverse work force, for society, and for the legal profession.  


In the Seattle schools case Alex Kozinski - then on the 9th Circuit - proposed robust and realistic rational basis review . . . where the courts consider the actual reasons for the plan in light of the real-world circumstances that gave rise to it." 

Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. in Parents Involved v Seatlle School District No. 1 (2007) declared: "The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race."

It would be calamitous for universities and for the ideals embodied in the Constitution, if the Court were to repudiate the moral imperatives of our nation’s history and renounce the relationship between educational access and racial justice prevailing since Brown v. Board of Education changed the country more than six decades ago. Broad public awareness of the unrelenting impact of racism demands a recommitment to affirmative action, not its abandonment.

Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard

"Twenty years have passed since Grutter [v. Bollinger], with no end to race-based college admissions in sight. But the Court has permitted race-based college admissions only within the confines of narrow restrictions: such admissions programs must comply with strict scrutiny, may never use race as a stereotype or negative, and must—at some point—end. Respondents’ admissions systems fail each of these criteria and must therefore be invalidated under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment." 

- Syllabus by Clerk, Supreme Court

U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops - Option for the Poor and Vulnerable.]

See also Justice and Peace Commission - Malta

Donald J. Trump, January 21, 2025: Executive Order Ending Illegal Discrimination and Restoring Merit-Based Opportunity, in accord with SFFA v. Harvard College600 U.S. 181 (2023)

Resource: See blogpost: Attacks on Universities, ABA Section on Legal Education, etc.

Attorney General Pam Bondi: "At a minimum, accreditation standards that require a "commitment to diversity" encourage compliance through unlawful means. "

In light of U.S. history how should Fordham respond to the demands of Attorney General Pam Bondi addressed to the American Bar Association section on Legal Education?  To Georgetown Law Dean Treanor by Ed Martin, U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia? 

Should - if pressed - Fordham or Georgetown comply with Trump's demands to end "illegal DEI" policies as the January 21 Executive Order  demands, and with which Trump asserts  Paul Weiss has complied?  Paul Weiss continues to claim a "culture of inclusion" but in an email the firm chairman said the firm "would not survive" if they had chosen to fight as did the firm Perkins Coie which filed a law suit.  Which firm did the right thing by their own intersts, their clients, the law, and the profession?


Fordham 2025 Self-Study Report:

 Institutional priority 3 – Community and Institutional Belonging

Cultivate a diverse, equitable, inclusive, caring, and connected community that fosters institutional belonging among students, staff, and factulty.

·         Consider ways Fordham can more fully adopt and effectively integrate an approach to Catholic and Jesuit mission formation that is clearly articulated and communicated to every member of the University community from recruitment through orientation and throughout Fordhamites lives. )Standard 1)

·         Continue building on gains in diversifying the University’s student body, faculty, administration, and staff, especially in ways that further enrich student life and learning (Standard II)

Do the above commitments by Fordham violate the spirit of the January 21 Executive Order above?  

 Fordham discounts tuition for some based on work or zip code.  Is that OK under SFFA as the Executive Order presents it?

Department of Justice Attack on Georgetown Law School over "DEI". Letter of   U.S. Attorney Edward Martin to Georgetown Dean William Treanor, 2/17/25:

It has come to my attention reliably that Georgetown Law School continues to teach and promote DEI. This is unacceptable. I hve begun an  inquiry into this and would welcome you response to the following questions:

First, have you eliminated all DEI from your school and its curriculum? 

Second, if DEI is found in your courses or teaching in anyway, will you move swiftly to remove it?

At this time, you should know that no applicant for our fellows program, our summer internship, or employment in our office who is a student or affiliated with a law school or university that continues to teach and utilize DEI will be considered.   

Georgetown Dean Treanor response to DOJ    We will adhere to our Jesuit and Catholic mission. [See. e.g.  Review of Rachel Swarns The 272 {Georgetown's 1840 slave sale and recent commitment to reparation.}


David  French - NY Times Op-Ed: The MAGA culture war comes for Georgetown Law

Dahlia Lithwick - Treanor's Exemplary Response to Bondi

Margaret Sullivan - Why we all suffer when powerful institutons yield to Trump's bullying


In the Bob Jones University, 461 US 574 (1982) the Supreme Court found that

Bob Jones University was dedicated to "fundamentalist Christian beliefs" which included prohibitions against interracial dating and marriage. Such behavior would lead to expulsion. In 1970, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) changed its formal policy to adopt a district court decision that prohibited the IRS from giving tax-exempt status to private schools engaging in racial discrimination. The IRS believed that the University's policies amounted to racism and revoked its tax-exempt status. The University claimed that the IRS had abridged its religious liberty. 

 Whatever may be the rationale for such private schools' policies, and however sincere the rationale may be, racial discrimination in education is contrary to public policy. Racially discriminatory educational institutions cannot be viewed as conferring a public benefit within the "charitable" concept discussed earlier, or within the congressional intent underlying [Internal Revenue Code] § 170 and § 501(c)(3).

Does Treanor's reliance on "Jesuit and Catholic" values differ from the position of Bob Jones University? 

  The District of Columbia Council is considering the Furthering Admissions Inclusion and Representation (FAIR) Act of 2025 would bar City aid to schools that grant preferences to children of alumni or to children of  donors.

The FAIR Act would create an exemption for the descendants of the GU272, a group of 272 people enslaved by Maryland’s Jesuit priests who were sold in 1838 to save Georgetown when it was on the cusp of financial disaster.  Do you support either or both those measures?


Thursday March 27 [tentative] - Begin discussion of school integration - continue on Tuesday April 1

SLIDES - School integration - Founding to Brown

Structural injunctions, Public School Integration – rise and fall; Reparations; the Death of Affirmative Action]

Integration and Desegregation of Public Schools

 

Plessy v. Ferguson [1896 

 

Brown v. Board of Education II, 349 U.S. 294 (1955)

Justice Bradley to U.S. District Judge Woods  (1871)

SLIDES - Prologue to Brown

SLIDES Introduction to Integration, part 1 -START at Slide 26


Thursday, April 3, 2025

The  civil rights injunction 

 A decade after Brown = a stone wall

SLIDES - The Founding to the Second Founding to American Apartheid

 SLIDES U.S. v. Jefferson County

SLIDES - Brown to New Kent 

Video: Boston busing crisis 


*U.S. v. Jefferson County Bd of Ed., 372 F. 2d 836 (5th Cir. 1966)

*Griffin Bell - DISSENT in Jefferson County

 

 *1961 - Executive Order 10925 - Affirmative action - John F. Kennedy

 Civil rights act of 1964 - signed July 2, 1964

Title IV  Desegregation of Public Education Civil Rights Act of 1964


 Tuesday, April 8 

SLIDES - Brown to New Kent County

SLIDES - Swann v. Charlotte 

SLIDES - Detroit and Kansas City

 From Brown v. Topeka II349 U.S. 294 (1955) through Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg, 402 U.S. 1 (1971), Milliken v. Bradley [Detroit] 418 U.S. 717  (1974), and Seattle (2007)

   

 John Roberts, C.J. in Parents Involved v Seattle, 55 U.S. 701 (2007):

 "The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race"

We have emphasized that the harm being remedied by mandatory desegregation plans is the harm that is traceable to segregation, and that “the Constitution is not violated by racial imbalance in the schools, without more.” Milliken v. Bradley433 U. S. 267, 280, n. 14 (1977). See also Freemansupra, at 495–496; Dowell, 498 U. S., at 248; Milliken v. Bradley418 U. S. 717, 746 (1974). Once Jefferson County achieved unitary status, it had remedied the constitutional wrong that allowed race-based assignments. Any continued use of race must be justified on some other basis.

Stephen Breyer – dissent in Parents Involved v, Seattle

 

Richard Rothstein Debunking the Modern Myth of Residential Segregation

 

Thursday, April 10

 Contempt Power

Weaver- Principles  of Remedies Law - Chapter 3 - Contempt, pages 31 -55

SLIDES - Introduction to Contempt of Court 

18 U.S.C. 401 Power of Court

Contempt of Congress  2 U.S.C. §§192 - 194 Refusal of witness to testify or produce papers

Gompers v. Buck Stove & Range, 221 U.S. 418 (1911)

United Mineworkers of America v. Bagwell, 512 U.S. 821  (1994) [read syllabus]

The "Smith Act", 18 U.S.C. 2385 - Advocating Overthrow of Government - f/k/a Alien Registration Act

Yates v. United States, (1957)

 

*Read blogpost: Strategies of Judicial Aggrandizement – Josh Chafetz

 

 

Tuesday APRIL 15 -Have courts been effective in restraining the Trump administration?

Former University President Lee Bollinger, Law ’71, discussed Immigration and Customs Enforcement detaining Mahmoud Khalil, SIPA ’24, campus antisemitism, and government pressure in a Tuesday interview with the Chronicle of Higher Education.

Since Bollinger retired in 2023—capping off his two-decade-long tenure as Columbia’s top administrator—protests, arrests, and government pressure have rocked the University and led to the quick resignation of his successor, former University President Minouche Shafik, who resigned in August 2024 after a 13-month stint.

“We’re in the midst of an authoritarian takeover of the U.S. government,” Bollinger said in the interview. “It’s been coming and coming, and not everybody is prepared to read it that way. The characters regarded as people to emulate, like Orban and Putin and so on, all indicate that the strategy is to create an illiberal democracy or an authoritarian democracy or a strongman democracy. That’s what we’re experiencing.”

He said that the problem “in part is a failure of imagination.”

“We cannot get ourselves to see how this is going to unfold in its most frightening versions,” he added. “You neutralize the branches of government; you neutralize the media; you neutralize universities, and you’re on your way. We’re beginning to see the effects on universities. It’s very, very frightening.”

 

Thursday APRIL 17

Compensatory Damages

 

*Seventh Amendment - Constitution of the United States

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

 

*Read Weaver, Remedies, Chapter 9, DAMAGES 

Remedies - Restatement 3rd, PD 2 App. A Compensatory Damages

*Remedies -  Restatement 3rd - Appendix B  - PD 5

Remedies - 3rd Restatement - PD 5 - 2024 - full text

Restatement 3rd - Torts - Defamation and privacy - TD 3 2023

Defamation and Privacy TD 3 Black Letter

 

Compensation or punishment??

The Texas J&J hip implant verdicts 

 

* Federal Rules of Evidence 

701 Lay opinions

702 Expert Opinions

703 Bases of an Expert Opinion

704 Opinion on an Ultimate Issue

 

*Forensic economist report

 Economic loss - Daniel Jones - death 

 

 

Deep background 

McCormick - Science, Experts and the Courts, 29 Texas L Rev. 611  (1941)

Joseph Page, Pound, Belli and the Personal Injury Bar, 26 T.M. Cooley L. Rev. 637-679 (2009)

Conk, Deadly Dust: Occupational Health and Safety as a Driving Force in Workers’ Compensation Law and the Development of Tort Doctrine and Practice

69 Rutgers U. L. Rev. 1139 (2017)

SLIDES - Deadly Dust

 

Vioxx drug cases - NJ vs. Texas

Mark Lanier - you tube - search "mark lanier harvard tort war stories " 

(See Lanier #6 the Vioxx cases)

McDarby v. Merck, NJAD , 401 N.J. Super. 10 (2008) 

 

Attorney advertising- Carborundum claims

 

Instructing the jury

*SLIDES - Cause in Fact - Proximate Cause  

Comparative Fault - NJ Model Civil Charge 7.31

California Civil Jury Instructions - Judicial /Council of California

Damages 3900, et seq.

Excerpted 3900-3933   Black Letter only



NJ Model Civil Jury Charges (Damages - Chapters 6,7,8)

Damages - General

8.10

Damages — Effect of Instruction — Personal Injury Case Verdict Sheet

Word

PDF

8.11A

Medical Expenses (Non Auto)

Word

PDF

8.11B

Duty To Mitigate Damages By Medical And Surgical Treatment

Word

PDF

8.11C

Loss of Earnings

Word

PDF

NJ Charge 8.11E - pain and suffering

NY Pattern Jury Instructions (Damages - selected) PJI 2277 to 2320

 

Scope of liability/proximate cause - Restatement 3rd, NJ, NY

 

Mass tort remedies –  

Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation - 2022 Report

8 USC 1407 MDL

 

MDLs – Personal injuries and product liability claims

Occupational disease and third-party asbestos product liability claims

Schedule of disabilities - NJ Workers Compensation Act

Johnson & Johnson hip implant cases- the structured settlement grid

MASS TORT SETTLEMENTS

Mass Tort History - SLIDES

SLIDES - DePuy/ASR Hip Implant Settlement

SLIDES  Ground Zero worksite tort claims

 

BACKGROUND

Before Black Lung the Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster Killed Hundreds - NPR, January 20, 2019 7 minutes

Deadly Dust: Occupational Health and Safety as a Driving Force in Workers’ Compensation Law and the Development of Tort Doctrine and Practice , 69 Rutgers U. L. Rev. 1139 (2017)

BY George W. Conk

Alvin K. Hellerstein, D.J., Aaron Twerski, and James Henderson, MANAGERIAL JUDGING: THE 9/11 RESPONDERS' TORT LITIGATION  (2012)

WTC Disaster - Lung Function After 7 years - Video

Billions for mass torts - Litigation Finance - video

Judge Hellerstein - Statement re WTC Cleanup Settlement

Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation - 2022 Report

8 USC 1407 MDL

* Aggregate Settlements - SLIDES

THE FEDERAL ASBESTOS PRODUCT LIABLITY MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION (MDL-875): BLACK HOLE OR NEW PARADIGM?

Hon. Eduardo C. Robreno, 23 Widener L. J. 97 (2013)

MDL 875 - Slide show  Judge Edward Robreno - EDPA (2016)

 

 Environmental Disaster Class Actions – the BP Gulf of Mexico Oil spill


 

4  

Environmental Disaster Class Actions – the BP Gulf of Mexico Oil spill

 

 

 

 

 

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